Table 1.

Results of meta-analysis including all available studies and sub-group analysis

Stratification group	No. of studies	Begg’s test (p value)	Random effects model OR (95% CI)
Total	20	.49	1.05 (0.96–1.15)
Region
European Region	10	.54	0.93 (0.81–1.06)
American Region	2	.47	1.04 (0.83–1.24)
Eastern Mediterranean region	2	.20	1.41 (1.13–1.69)
South-east Asian region	5	.03	1.02 (0.86–1.18)
Smoking-adjusted studies
Total	15	.56	1.05 (0.95–1.16)
Region
European Region	6	.67	0.95 (0.86–1.04)
Region of the Americas	2	.47	1.04 (0.83–1.24)
Eastern Mediterranean region	2	.20	1.41 (1.13–1.69)
South-east Asian region	4	.08	1.00 (0.85–1.15)
CHD outcome
Nonfatal	8	.85	1.19 (0.88–1.49)
Region
European	3		0.92 (0.81–1.03)
Eastern Mediterranean	1		1.59 (1.34–1.83)
South East Asian	3		1.30 (0.39–2.21)
Fatal	11	.38	1.10 (1.00–1.20)
Region
European	6		1.30 (1.14–1.47)
American	2		1.04 (0.83–1.24)
Eastern Mediterranean	1		1.13 (0.84–1.41)
South East Asian	2		1.03 (0.86–1.19)
Type of SLT Product used
Snuff	7		0.96 (0.86–1.06)
Fatal CHD with snuff	4		1.37 (1.14–1.61)
Chewing tobacco	7		1.13 (0.92–1.33)
Fatal CHD with chewing tobacco			1.07 (0.91–1.23)
Nass/Nasvar	2		1.30 (1.06–1.54)