Table 5. Total, direct and indirect (via physical activity) effects of neighbourhood greenspace exposure and incident CVD.
| Model 1 Adjusted for greenspace (N = 24420) | Model 2 Adjusted for confounders (N = 23759) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 95% CI | 95% CI | |||||||
| HR | Lower | Upper | p | HR | Lower | Upper | p | |
| Effect (most versus least green quartile) | ||||||||
| Total effect | 0.92 | 0.88 | 0.97 | 0.001 | 0.93 | 0.88 | 0.97 | 0.003 |
| Direct effect | 0.93 | 0.91 | 0.96 | <0.001 | 0.94 | 0.91 | 0.96 | <0.001 |
| Indirect effect (through physical activity) | 0.99 | 0.97 | 1.01 | 0.437 | 0.99 | 0.97 | 1.01 | 0.416 |
Age is used as the underlying time scale. Model 2 adjusted for confounders of sex, age, BMI, prevalent diabetes and SES (individual and neighbourhood). CI: confidence interval.