Table 1. Characteristics of pregnant women with EB growth in gestational urine cultures and univariate analysis for 3GCR-EB isolation.
| Urine Culture Result | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Total EB-positive | EB-positive (non-3GCR-EB) | 3GCR-EB-positive | P value |
| n = 15,282 | n = 14,679 | n = 603 | ||
| Age, y | ||||
| < 20 | 382 (2.5%) | 368 (2.5%) | 14 (2.3%) | |
| 20–35 | 11,917 (78.0%) | 11,452 (78.0%) | 465 (77.1%) | 0.782 |
| > 35 | 2,983 (19.5%) | 2,859 (19.5%) | 124 (20.6%) | |
| SES | ||||
| Low | 8,209 (53.7%) | 7,883 (53.7%) | 326 (54.1%) | |
| Medium | 4,685 (30.7%) | 4,503 (30.7%) | 182 (30.2%) | 0.967 |
| High | 2,388 (15.6%) | 2,293 (15.6%) | 95 (15.8%) | |
| Ethnic sectora | ||||
| Jewish | 10,420 (68.2%) | 10,042 (68.4%) | 378 (62.7%) | |
| Arab | 4,862 (31.8%) | 4,637 (31.6%) | 225 (37.3%) | 0.004 |
| Multiple fetus pregnancy | 527 (3.4%) | 496 (3.4%) | 31 (5.1%) | 0.027 |
| AFP | 846 (5.5%) | 797 (5.4%) | 49 (8.1%) | 0.006 |
| Urinary tract anomalies | 182 (1.2%) | 166 (1.1%) | 16 (2.7%) | 0.001 |
| High-risk pregnancy | 1,891 (12.4%) | 1,824 (12.4%) | 67 (11.1%) | 0.369 |
| Diabetes Mellitus (non-gestational) | 790 (5.2%) | 748 (5.1%) | 42 (7.0%) | 0.053 |
| Gestational Diabetes Mellitus | 502 (3.3%) | 478 (3.3%) | 24 (4.0%) | 0.389 |
| Malignancy | 127 (0.8%) | 119 (0.8%) | 8 (1.3%) | 0.255 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 85 (0.6%) | 81 (0.6%) | 4 (0.7%) | 0.718 |
| Obesity | 2,546 (16.7%) | 2,449 (16.7%) | 97 (16.1%) | 0.741 |
| Hospital admission in the year before delivery | ||||
| None | 8,277 (54.2%) | 8,005 (54.5%) | 272 (45.1%) | |
| One | 3,756 (24.6%) | 3,601 (24.5%) | 155 (25.7%) | <0.001 |
| More than one | 3,249 (21.3%) | 3,073 (20.9%) | 176 (29.2%) | |
| Antibiotics prescription during the pregnancy | ||||
| Not prescribed | 5,356 (35.0%) | 5,225 (35.6%) | 131 (21.7%) | |
| Prescribed | 9,926 (65.0%) | 9,454 (64.4%) | 472 (78.3%) | <0.001 |
| Number of antibiotics courses dispensed | ||||
| None | 5,356 (35.0%) | 5,225 (35.6%) | 131 (21.7%) | |
| One | 4,282 (28.0%) | 4,131 (28.1%) | 151 (25.0%) | <0.001 |
| Two | 2,531 (16.6%) | 2,435 (16.6%) | 96 (15.9%) | |
| Three or more | 3,113 (20.4%) | 2,888 (19.7%) | 225 (37.3%) | |
| Number of different types of antibiotics dispensedb | ||||
| None | 5,356 (35.0%) | 5,225 (35.6%) | 131 (21.7%) | |
| One | 5,680 (37.2%) | 5,469 (37.3%) | 211 (35.0%) | <0.001 |
| Two | 3,033 (19.8%) | 2,877 (19.6%) | 156 (25.9%) | |
| Three or more | 1,213 (7.9%) | 1,108 (7.5%) | 105 (17.4%) | |
| Type of antibiotics | ||||
| Cephalosporins | 5,787 (37.9%) | 5,452 (37.1%) | 335 (55.6%) | <0.001 |
| Penicillins | 5,439 (35.6%) | 5,175 (35.3%) | 264 (43.8%) | <0.001 |
| Nitrofurantoin | 1,508 (9.9%) | 1,410 (9.6%) | 98 (16.3%) | <0.001 |
| Fluoroquinolones | 1,167 (7.6%) | 1,088 (7.4%) | 79 (13.1%) | <0.001 |
| Macrolides | 858 (5.6%) | 822 (5.6%) | 36 (6.0%) | 0.767 |
| Tetracyclines | 557 (3.6%) | 528 (3.6%) | 29 (4.8%) | 0.148 |
| Sulfonamides | 160 (1.0%) | 148 (1.0%) | 12 (2.0%) | 0.034 |
| Aminoglycosides | 13 (0.1%) | 8 (0.1%) | 5 (0.8%) | <0.001 |
| Other | 184 (1.2%) | 173 (1.2%) | 11 (1.8%) | 0.217 |
Abbreviations: EB, enterobacteriaceae; 3GCR-EB, third-generation-cephalosporin resistant Enterobacteriaceae; y, years; SES, socioeconomic status; AFP, assisted fertilization procedure.
a Determined based on location of most-used community clinic.
b During the year prior to index date.