Table 1. Published randomised placebo-controlled trial of biologics and JAK inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis between 1999 and 2018.
| Year | Author | Drug | PBO (N) | Recruitment site (visit\week) | Age Mean (SD) | Female) (%) | Duration Mean (SD) | TJC 68 Mean (SD) | SJC 66 Mean (SD) | DAS28 Mean | ACR20 (%) | ACR50 (%) | ACR70 (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1999 | Weinblatt [16] | ETN | 30 | US CAN. 4 | 53 | 73 | 13 | 28 | 17 | - | 27 | 3 | 0 |
| 1999 | Maini [17] | IFX | 88 | US CAN EU 4 | 50(11) | 80 | 10(7) | 27(24) | 20(11) | - | 20 | 5 | 0 |
| 2003 | Weinblatt [18] | ADA | 62 | US CAN 2† | 56(11) | 82 | 11(8) | 29(15) | 17(10) | - | 15 | 8 | 5 |
| 2003 | Kremer [19] | ABT | 119 | US CAN EU AUS SA 4 | 54(11) | 66 | 9(8) | 29(13) | 22(9) | - | 35 | 12 | 2 |
| 2003 | Furst [20] | ADA | 318 | US CAN 4† | 56(12) | 79 | 12(10) | 28(14) | 21(11) | - | 35 | 11 | 4 |
| 2004 | Keystone [21] | ETN | 53 | US CAN 8 | 55(15) | 72 | 12(10) | 25(20) | 19(18) | - | 19 | 6 | 2 |
| 2004 | Keystone [22] | ADA | 200 | US CAN 4† | 56(12) | 73 | 11(9) | 28(14) | 19(10) | - | 30 | 10 | 3 |
| 2004 | Edwards [23] | RTX | 40 | EU CAN AUS ISR 4† | 54(11) | 80 | 11(7) | 32(13) | 19(10) | 6.9 | 38 | 13 | 5 |
| 2006 | Kremer [24] | ABT | 219 | US CAN EU MEX 4† | 50(12) | 82 | 9(7) | 32(14) | 22(9) | 6.4 | 40 | 17 | 7 |
| 2006 | Maini [25] | TOC | 49 | EU 2 | 51 | 78 | 0.9 | 16 * | 12 * | 6.8 | 41 | 29 | 16 |
| 2008 | Smolen [26] | TOC | 204 | Worldwide 4 | 51(12) | 78 | 8(7) | 33(16) | 21(12) | 6.8 | 26 | 11 | 2 |
| 2008 | Kay [27] | GOL | 35 | US CAN EU AUS 4† | 55(11) | 74 | 6(2) | 26(17) | 14(6) | 6.5 | 37 | 6 | 0 |
| 2008 | Schiff [28] | IFX | 165 | Worldwide 4 | 49(12) | 87 | 7(6) | 32(15) | 20(8) | 6.8 | 42 | 20 | 9 |
| 2008 | Genovese [29] | TOC | 413 | Worldwide 4 | 54(13) | 84 | 10(9) | 29(15) | 19(11) | 6.6 | 25 | 9 | 3 |
| 2008 | Keystone [30] | CZP | 199 | Worldwide 2† | 52(11) | 84 | 6(4) | 30(15) | 21(10) | 7.0 | 14 | 8 | 3 |
| 2009 | Keystone [31] | GOL | 133 | Worldwide 4 | 51(12) | 82 | 7(2) | 20(8) | 13(8) | 6.0 | 33 | 10 | 4 |
| 2009 | Smolen [32] | CZP | 127 | EU 2† | 52(12) | 84 | 6(4) | 30(13) | 22(10) | 6.8 | 9 | 3 | 1 |
| 2010 | Kremer [33] | GOL | 129 | Worldwide 4 | 50 | 80 | 7 | 28 | 16 | 25 | 9 | 3 | |
| 2010 | Emery [34] | RTX | 172 | Worldwide 4-8 | 52(12) | 86 | 8(8) | 30(16) | 21(11) | 6.5 | 23 | 9 | 5 |
| 2011 | Kremer [35] | TOC | 393 | Worldwide 4† | 51(12) | 83 | 10(7) | 28(15) | 17(9) | 6.5 | 27 | 9 | 1 |
| 2012 | van Vollen-hoven [36] | TOF | 56 | Worldwide | 56(14) | 77 | 7 | 27 | 17 | 6.6 | 28 | 16 | 5 |
| 2012 | Kremer [37] | TOF | 69 | Worldwide 4 | 53(13) | 81 | 9 | 22 | 16 | 6.1 | 33 | 17 | 6 |
| 2012 | Choy [38] | CZP | 121 | US EU 4† | 56(12) | 66 | 10(8) | 31(13) | 22(10) | 6.3 | 23 | 6 | 2 |
| 2012 | Moreland [39] | ETN | 255 | US 6 | 49(13) | 69 | 0.2 | 14(7)* | 13(6)* | 5.8 | 40 | 22 | 4 |
| 2013 | Weinblatt [40] | GOL | 197 | US CAN 4† | 51(11) | 80 | 7(7) | 26(14) | 15(9) | 5.9* | 32 | 13 | 5 |
| 2013 | Kremer [41] | TOF | 79 | Worldwide 4† | 51(11) | 80 | 11(8) | 27(17) | 15(10) | 6.4 | 31 | 13 | 3 |
| 2013 | van der Heijde [42] | TOF | 81 | Worldwide 4-8 | 53(12) | 80 | 11(9) | 23(13) | 14(8) | 6.3 | 25 | 8 | 2 |
| 2015 | Keystone [43] | BARI | 98 | US CAN MEX IND 4† | 49(12) | 87 | 5(4) | 22(12) | 16(9) | 6.3 | 41 | 9 | 5 |
| 2016 | Genovese [44] | UPA | 50 | US EU SA 2 | 55(12) | 76 | 6(5) | 29(16) | 19(12) | 5.6* | 46 | 18 | 6 |
| 2017 | Dougados [45] | BARI | 228 | Worldwide 4† | 51(13) | 83 | 7(8) | 24(15) | 13(7) | 6.2 | 39 | 13 | 3 |
| 2017 | Taylor [46] | BARI | 488 | Worldwide 4† | 53 | 78 | 10(9) | 23(14) | 16(9) | 6.4 | 40 | 17 | 5 |
| 2018 | Burmester [47] | UPA | 221 | Worldwide 4† | 56(12) | 75 | 7(8) | 25(15) | 15(9) | 5.6* | 36 | 15 | 6 |
ETN = Etanercept; IFX = Infliximab; ADA = Adalimumab; GOL = Golimumab; CTZ = Certolizumab; RTX = Rituximab; ABT = Abatacept; TOF = Tofacitinib; BARI = Baricitinib; UPA = Upadacitinib. US = United states of America; CAN = Canada; EU = Europe; AUS = Australia; SA = South Africa; ISR = Israel; MEX = Mexico; IND = India; † = visits initially weeks 1 and 2 followed by either 2 or 4 weekly as indicated; * = 28 joint count; * = DAS-CRP