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. 2020 Jan 3;3:4. doi: 10.1038/s42003-019-0733-7

Fig. 1. The light-driven proton pump bacteriorhodopsin (BR, pdb 1c3w).

Fig. 1

a The proton transport pathway of BR involves D96 at the proton uptake site, D85, the retinal Schiff base (RSB) that is covalently bound to K216, and R82 in an active site proton cage. The extracellular proton release site is composed of the proton release group (PRG) with two glutamic acids (E194 and E204) and three water molecules. b The active site proton cage includes the RSB, D85, R82, and the H2O molecules 401, 402, and 406. Dashed lines indicate distances in Å. c The photocycle of BR. The numbers correspond to the maximum absorption wavelength of the respective intermediate.