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. 2020 Jan 3;11:15. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13831-w

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — We conducted an EWAS with proteomics in KORA and replicated the associations in QMDiab (see Fig. 2). We used Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to connect CpG-linked genes to their associated proteins through literature-reported observations and complemented the network with associations to gene expression (BIOS), metabolomics (QMDiab), and clinical endpoints (KORA), finally adding all previously reported disease associations. The resulting networks, using the same color code as here, are presented in Figs. 3 and 4.