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. 2020 Jan 3;11:103. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13437-2

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Blended CQD inks comprising n-type and p-type CQDs for the fabrication of CQD bulk homojunction films. b The absorption spectra of a blend CQD inks (control) in the case of as made and also 15 min later. The absorption spectrum changes rapidly due to the precipitation and heterogeneous fusion of CQDs. c The intensity loss and an increase of HWHM in the absorption spectra as a function of time for control vs. CSM-blend CQD inks. d–e GISAXS two-dimensional pattern of CQD bulk homojunction films made by CSM inks (d), and control inks (e). Blue color represents lower intensity and red color represents higher intensity. f Azimuthally integrated GISAXS intensities reveal more uniform and dense packing of CQDs in the film with CSM inks.