Table 2.

Landmarks, distances, angle and planes used in the study

Mandibular foramen	Central point of the most upper part of the mandibular canal
rMF–lMF	Distance between the right and left mandibular foramina
Occlusal plane (OP)	Average plane passing through the buccal cusps of the mandibular molars, premolars and canines and the incisor edge
MF–OP	Orthogonal distance between MF and OP
Foramina condyle plane (FCP)	Average plane passing through the highest point of the right and left condyle upper surface and mandibular foramina
Ang OP/FCP	Angle between the OP and the FCP
Anterior edge of the mandibular ramus (AEM)	Most concave point of the anterior crest (coronoid notch) of the ramus
MF–AEM	Distance between MF and AEM
Sagittal plane (SP)	Average plane passing through the midsagittal points of the face and cranial base
Angle HAR (horizontal angle of the mandibular ramus)	Angle between the sagittal plane and the horizontal line passing through the MF and the AEM