Table 2. Sociodemographic and perinatal characteristics.
Variables | FSIQ < 85 (n = 15) | FSIQ ≥ 85 (n = 73) | P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Social factors | |||||
Maternal age, wk | 33.0 ± 4.1 | 33.0 ± 3.3 | 0.978 | ||
Paternal age, wk | 37.4 ± 4.6 | 35.1 ± 3.3 | 0.142 | ||
Maternal smoking | 0 (0.0) | 2/68 (2.9) | 1.000 | ||
Mother's education level | 0.136 | ||||
Middle school | 1/14 (7.1) | 2/68 (2.9) | |||
High school | 9/14 (64.3) | 27/68 (39.7) | |||
College degree | 4/14 (28.6) | 39/68 (57.4) | |||
Perinatal factors | |||||
GA, wk | 29.5 ± 4.2 | 28.2 ± 3.4 | 0.249 | ||
Birth weight, g | 1,029.3 ± 333.4 | 1,126.0 ± 282.5 | 0.370 | ||
Height, cm | 49.8 ± 3.2 | 50.1 ± 2.9 | 0.871 | ||
Head circumference, cm | 34.4 ± 1.8 | 34.6 ± 1.4 | 0.847 | ||
Male | 8 (53.3) | 36 (49.3) | 1.000 | ||
Apgar score, 1 min | 2.7 ± 2.1 | 2.7 ± 1.8 | 0.568 | ||
Apgar score, 5 min | 5.2 ± 2.4 | 4.8 ± 1.9 | 0.514 | ||
PIH | 2 (13.3) | 7 (9.6) | 0.647 | ||
GDM | 0 (0.0) | 4 (5.5) | 1.000 | ||
C-sec | 10 (66.7) | 48 (65.8) | 1.000 | ||
Histological chorioamnionitis | 6 (40) | 21 (28.8) | 0.539 | ||
Prenatal steroid | 10 (66.7) | 38 (52.1) | 0.397 | ||
IUGR | 8 (53.3) | 5 (6.8) | < 0.001 | ||
WPPSI-IV | |||||
Vocabulary comprehension IQ | 81.1 ± 14.5 | 96.7 ± 11.9 | < 0.001 | ||
Visual spatial IQ | 73.8 ± 15.4 | 105.6 ± 13.6 | < 0.001 | ||
Working memory IQ | 84.9 ± 21.9 | 102.0 ± 12.6 | 0.010 | ||
FSIQ | 74.5 ± 13.1 | 100.6 ± 11.4 | < 0.001 | ||
Cerebral palsy | 2 (13.3) | 1 (1.4) | 0.736 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (%).
FSIQ = full scale intelligence quotient, GA = gestational age, PIH = pregnancy induced hypertension, GDM = gestational diabetes mellitus, IUGR = intrauterine growth retardation, WPPSI-IV = Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-IV, IQ = intelligence quotient.