Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Information
| HC | BD | SZ | SZ-A | F or χ2 (P) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 73 | 59 | 88 | 76 | − |
| Age | 37.2 (11.3) | 38.4 (10.8) | 35.6 (10.7) | 36.6 (10.9) | 0.8 (.47) |
| % Male | 54.8 | 35.6 | 62.5 | 53.9 | 10.5 (.02) |
| % per Site (1/2/3/4/5) | 29/14/16/27/14 | 8/24/32/7/29 | 28/17/13/18/24 | 32/11/24/11/24 | 34.4 (<.01) |
| Education level (y) | 14.8 (2.3) | 14.7 (2.6) | 12.8 (2.1) | 13.6 (2.5) | 12.0 (<.01) |
| Parental education level (y) | 13.9 (2.7) | 14.3 (2.5) | 13.4 (3.3) | 14.2 (2.7) | 1.5 (.22) |
| SBS total | − | 1.5 (0.9) | 7.7 (1.2) | 4.7 (1.3) | 497.3 (<.01) |
| BDRS total | − | 5.5 (5.3) | 4.3 (4.6) | 7.0 (6.5) | 5.0 (.01) |
| Mood lability score | 0.5 (0.1) | 0.2 (0.1) | 0.4 (0.1) | 3.8 (.02) | |
| YMRS total | 10.0 (7.7) | 9.9 (6.2) | 13.1 (7.4) | 5.1 (<.01) | |
| BPRS total | 40.2 (8.8) | 43.2 (12.4) | 49.7 (14.6) | 10.8 (<.01) | |
| CAINS anhedonia | 8.4 (5.6) | 12.3 (6.9) | 14.4 (7.1) | 7.8 (<.01) | |
| CAINS blunting | 0.8 (1.7) | 3.8 (3.0) | 3.3 (3.1) | 22.0 (<.01) | |
| UPSA-B total | 83.9 (11.3) | 84.6 (9.0) | 75.0 (13.8) | 77.8 (13.0) | 10.7 (<.01) |
| Financial skills | 43.7 (6.1) | 42.9 (5.5) | 39.1 (8.1) | 40.9 (8.2) | 6.2 (<.01) |
| Communication skills | 40.3 (7.4) | 41.5 (6.4) | 35.8 (8.3) | 37.0 (8.0) | 8.7 (<.01) |
| % Taking antipsychotic | − | 49.2 | 76.1 | 71.1 | 110.5 (<.01) |
| Antipsychotic dose (mg CPZ equivalent) | 391.6 (522.7) | 371.9 (301.0) | 577.4 (778.2) | 2.03 (.14) | |
| % Taking mood stabilizer | 69.5 | 13.6 | 28.9 | 92.5 (<.01) | |
| % Taking antidepressant | 59.3 | 26.1 | 56.6 | 74.0 (<.01) | |
| % Taking anxiolytic | 20.3 | 17.0 | 19.7 | 16.4 (<.01) |
Note: BD, bipolar disorder; BDRS, Bipolar Depression Rating Scale; BPRS, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; CAINS, Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms; CPZ, chlorpromazine; HC, healthy control; SBS, Schizo-Bipolar Scale; SZ, schizophrenia; SZ-A, schizoaffective disorder; UPSA-B, University of California San Diego Performance-Based Skills Assessment; YMRS, Young Mania Rating Scale. Numbers in parentheses represent the standard error.