Table 4.
Primary Behavioral and Clinical Data Segregated by Latent Profile (High, Moderate, and Low Ability, With Healthy Control Averages Included for Visual Comparison)
| HC | High Ability (Patients) | Moderate Ability (Patients) | Low Ability (Patients) | F or χ2 (P) | Linear Contrast Beta (P) | Dx Adjust F (P) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 73 | 142 | 66 | 15 | − | − | − |
| Cognitive control (Z Score) | 0.45 (0.86) | 0.46 (0.55) | −1.00 (0.54) | −2.12 (0.43) | 268.1 (<.01) | −1.82 (<.01) | 261.0 (<.001) |
| Episodic memory (RISE Factor Score) | 0.50 (0.77) | 0.15 (0.88) | −0.41 (0.80) | −2.00 (0.76) | 47.1 (<.01) | −1.52 (<.01) | 43.5 (<.001) |
| Visual integration (JOVI Factor Score) | 0.44 (0.90) | 0.22 (0.87) | −0.71 (0.85) | −1.07 (0.88) | 35.1 (<.01) | −0.91 (<.01) | 33.9 (<.001) |
| % BD/SZ/SZ-A | − | 30/38/32 | 23/44/33 | 7/33/60 | 7.11 (.13) | − | − |
| Age | 37.2 (11.3) | 35.7 (10.4) | 38.2 (11.6) | 39.1 (10.5) | 1.67 (.19) | ||
| % Male | 55 | 54 | 47 | 67 | 2.08 (.35) | ||
| Education level (y) | 14.8 (2.3) | 13.8 (2.6) | 13.0 (1.8) | 13.5 (3.4) | 2.39 (.09) | ||
| Parental education Level (y) | 13.9 (2.7) | 14.3 (2.7) | 13.2 (3.4) | 13.6 (2.3) | 2.69 (.07) | ||
| % per Site (1/2/3/4/5) | 29/14/16/27/14 | 26/18/22/11/23 | 23/12/18/18/29 | 13/20/33/7/27 | 6.56 (.59) | ||
| SBS total | − | 5.0 (2.9) | 5.1 (2.7) | 5.7 (1.9) | 0.41 (.67) | ||
| BDRS total | − | 5.4 (5.9) | 6.1 (4.9) | 4.3 (5.6) | 0.74 (.48) | ||
| YMRS total | 10.0 (6.8) | 13.0 (7.2) | 11.7 (71.8) | 4.10 (.02) | 1.18 (.38) | 4.08 (.02) | |
| BPRS total | 42.7 (11.4) | 47.5 (14.2) | 50.0 (17.2) | 4.60 (.01) | 5.12 (.04) | 3.52 (.03) | |
| CAINS anhedonia | 10.9 (6.8) | 11.9 (6.7) | 12.2 (8.7) | 0.62 (.54) | − | − | |
| CAINS blunting | 2.8 (3.1) | 2.7 (2.9) | 4.1 (3.0) | 1.40 (.25) | |||
| UPSA-B total | 83.9 (11.3) | 80.6 (12.1) | 74.3 (14.4) | 75.9 (10.0) | 5.74 (<.01) | −3.37 (.17) | 4.87 (.01) |
| Financial skills | 43.7 (6.1) | 41.6 (7.6) | 38.8 (7.7) | 40.3 (7.1) | 2.86 (.06) | − | − |
| Communication skills | 40.3 (7.4) | 38.9 (7.3) | 35.4 (9.4) | 35.6 (6.9) | 4.90 (.01) | −2.39 (.12) | 4.03 (.02) |
| % Taking antipsychotic | − | 65.5 | 68.2 | 80.0 | 1.33 (.51) | − | − |
| Antipsychotic dose (mg CPZ equivalent) | 455.9 (630.6) | 439.1 (422.1) | 407.4 (431.6) | 0.04 (.96) | |||
| % Taking mood stabilizer | 34.5 | 31.8 | 33.3 | 0.15 (.93) | |||
| % Taking antidepressant | 47.9 | 37.9 | 53.3 | 2.24 (.33) | |||
| % Taking anxiolytic | 18.3 | 22.7 | 6.7 | 2.13 (.34) |
Note: BDRS, Bipolar Depression Rating Scale; BPRS, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; CPZ, Chlorpromazine; CMH, Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel; GAF, Global Assessment of Function; HC, healthy control; PAS, Premorbid Adjustment Scale; SANS, Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms; SAPS, Scale of the Assessment of Positive Symptoms; SBS, Schizo-Bipolar Scale. ANCOVA model F tests were conducted using only patient data. Linear contrasts and (DSM) diagnosis-adjusted F tests on continuous variables were only conducted if the initial ANOVA F value was significant (indicating a significant between-class group difference). “Linear contrast” was High > Moderate > Low or Low > Moderate > High. Numbers in parentheses represent the standard deviation. “Dx Adjust” = main effect of profile in ANCOVA model with diagnosis (bipolar disorder [BD]/schizophrenia [SZ]/schizoaffective disorder [SZ-A]) as an additional covariate.