Table 2.
A priori hypothesis for criterion validity, criterion validity, mean difference between measured steps and observed steps, and mean percentage measurement error for each physical activity monitor separately for each position
| Position and type of monitor | A priori hypothesis ICC(2,1) | ICC(2,1) (95%CI) |
Mean difference (95%CI) |
Mean % measurement error (95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hip-worn Misfit Shine, left | ||||
| All (34 measures) | 0.5 to 0.75 | 0.52 (0.21 to 0.73) | −61.99 (− 104.50 to − 19.50) | −12.46% (− 21.09 to − 3.83) |
| Rollator (11 measures) | < 0.5 | 0.56 (0.04 to 0.86) | −73.00 (− 163.94 to 17.94) | −15.87% (− 35.30 to 3.55) |
| Without rollator (23 measures) | ≥ 0.75 | 0.49 (0.13 to 0.75) | −56.71 (− 107.56 to − 5.88) | − 10.83% (− 20.76 to − 0.90) |
| Hip-worn Misfit Shine, right | ||||
| All (88 measures) | 0.5 to 0.75 | 0.64 (0.47 to 0.75) | −48.35 (− 74.47 to − 22.24) | −8.75% (− 14.10 to − 3.40) |
| Rollator (31 measures) | < 0.5 | 0.44 (0.08 to 0.69) | − 110.19 (− 169.15 to − 51.24) | − 20.44% (− 31.87 to − 9.02) |
| Without rollator (57 measures) | ≥ 0.75 | 0.78 (0.66 to 0.87) | −14.72 (− 36.11 to 6.65) | − 2.38% (− 7.39 to 2.61) |
| Hip-worn Garmin Vivofit 3, left | ||||
| All (100 measures) | 0.5 to 0.75 | 0.67 (0.53 to 0.78) | −41.49 (− 64.21 to − 18.76) | − 9.74% (− 15.16 to − 4.33) |
| Rollator (36 measures) | < 0.5 | 0.57 (0.19 to 0.78) | −87.5 (− 131.23 to − 43.83) | −20.61% (− 31.02 to − 10.18) |
| Without rollator (64 measures) | ≥ 0.75 | 0.71 (0.56 to 0.81) | −15.59 (− 39.88 to 8.71) | −3.63% (− 9.42 to 2.16) |
| Hip-worn Garmin Vivofit 3, right | ||||
| All (102 measures) | 0.5 to 0.75 | 0.80 (0,72 to 0,87) | −22,61 (− 37.50 to − 7.72) | − 5.18% (− 9.01 to − 1.36) |
| Rollator (35 measures) | < 0.5 | 0.74 (0.45 to 0.87) | −44.11 (− 70.02 to − 18.21) | − 10.12% (− 16.60 to − 3.64) |
| Without rollator (67 measures) | ≥ 0.75 | 0.83 (0.73 to 0.89) | −11.38 (− 29.46 to 6.70) | −2.61% (− 7.35 to 2.13) |
| Hip-worn Jawbone UP Move, left | ||||
| All (84 measures) | 0.5 to 0.75 | 0.61 (0.34 to 0.76) | −63.75 (− 87.94 to − 39.56) | −13.11% (− 18.24 to − 7.98) |
| Rollator (23 measures) | < 0.5 | 0.40 (0.00 to 0.72) | − 101.65 (− 144.66 to − 58.64) | −19.21% (− 27.48 to − 10.94) |
| Without rollator (61 measures) | ≥ 0.75 | 0.64 (0.44 to 0.78) | −49.45 (− 78.44 to − 20.48) | − 10.81% (− 17.19 to − 4.43) |
| Hip-worn Jawbone UP Move, right | ||||
| All (92 measures) | 0.5 to 0.75 | 0.47 (0.21 to 0.65) | −85.79 (− 116.65 to − 54.95) | −16.57% (− 23.02 to − 10.12) |
| Rollator (31 measures) | < 0.5 | 0.24 (0.00 to 0.54) | − 193.83 (− 258.89 to − 128.78) | −38.28% (− 51.73 to − 24.84) |
| Without rollator (61 measures) | ≥ 0.75 | 0.68 (0.51 to 0.80) | − 30.89 (− 54.96 to − 6.83) | −5.53% (− 10.86 to − 0.20) |
| Wrist-worn Misfit Shine, left | ||||
| All (36 measures) | 0.5 to 0.75 | 0.18 (0.00 to 0.46) | −238.43 (−313.06 to − 163.81) | −44.21% (− 57.66 to − 30.78) |
| Rollator (12 measures) | < 0.5 | 0.00 (0.00 to 0.07) | − 486.5 (− 568.45 to − 404.55) | −91.03% (− 95.79 to − 86.27) |
| Without rollator (24 measures) | ≥ 0.75 | 0.37 (0.00 to 0.68) | − 114.40 (− 170.90 to − 57.89) | − 20.80% (− 31.65 to − 9.96) |
| Wrist-worn Misfit Shine, right | ||||
| All (88 measures) | 0.5 to 0.75 | 0.23 (0.00 to 0.47) | − 220.38 (− 266.13 to −174.64) | − 41.91% (− 50.49 to − 33.34) |
| Rollator (30 measures) | < 0.5 | 0.02 (0.00 to 0.09) | − 462.83 (− 518.31 to − 407.34) | −89.03% (− 97.04 to − 81.02) |
| Without rollator (58 measures) | ≥ 0.75 | 0.55 (0.10 to 0.77) | − 94.97 (− 124.91 to − 65.03) | − 17.55% (− 23.39 to − 11.71) |
| Wrist-worn Garmin Vivofit 3, left | ||||
| All (88 measures) | 0.5 to 0.75 | 0.31 (0.06 to 0.52) | − 139.71 (−186.39 to − 93.05) | − 27.17% (− 36.14 to − 18.20) |
| Rollator (22 measures) | < 0.5 | 0.00 (0.00 to 0.08) | − 455.78 (− 524.28 to − 387.27) | −88.31% (− 98.97 to − 77.67) |
| Without rollator (66 measures) | ≥ 0.75 | 0.67 (0.51 to 0.79) | −34.36 (− 61.45 to − 7.28) | −6.79% (− 12.43 to −1.15) |
| Wrist-worn Garmin Vivofit 3, right | ||||
| All (89 measures) | 0.5 to 0.75 | 0.33 (0.08 to 0.53) | − 132.98 (− 179.05 to − 86.91) | − 26.47% (− 35.62 to − 17.33) |
| Rollator (23 measures) | < 0.5 | 0.01 (0.00 to 0.08) | − 455.17 (− 519.00 to − 391.34) | −88.98% (− 98.99 to − 78.96) |
| Without rollator (66 measures) | ≥ 0.75 | 0.76 (0.63 to 0.84) | −20.70 (− 42.4786 to 1.069512) | −4.69% (− 10.21 to 0.82) |
| Wrist-worn Jawbone UP Move, left | ||||
| All (65 measures) | 0.5 to 0.75 | 0.30 (0.03 to 0.52) | − 121.52 (−166.86 to − 76.19) | −21.87% (− 30.14 to − 13.61) |
| Rollator (7 measures) | < 0.5 | 0.01 (0.00 to 0.23) | − 480.86 (− 640.08 to − 321.64) | −84.97% (− 110.58 to − 59.38) |
| Without rollator (58 measures) | ≥ 0.75 | 0.47 (0.18 to 0.68) | −78.15 (− 112.13 to − 44.18) | −14.25% (− 20.81 to − 7.70) |
| Wrist-worn Jawbone UP Move, right | ||||
| All (55 measures) | 0.5 to 0.75 | 0.29 (0.02 to 0.53) | − 105.05 (−148.00 to − 62.11) | −18.89% (− 26.65 to − 11.13) |
| Rollator (3 measures) | < 0.5 | 0.00 (0.00 to 0.88) | − 386.0 (− 1157.00 to 384.91) | − 66.17% (− 195.37 to 63.01) |
| Without rollator (52 measures) | ≥ 0.75 | 0.38 (0.06 to 0.61) | −88.84 (− 126.23 to − 51.46) | −16.16% (− 23.13 to − 9.19) |
Criterion validity calculated using a two-way random, single measures, absolute agreement model end expressed as interclass correlation coefficient
Abbreviations; ICC Interclass Correlation Coefficient (bold equal fulfilling the a priori hypothesis), MD Mean Difference: 95% Confidence intervals
Measurement error in % were evaluated as being not normally distributed and are presented with median and interquartile range. ICC (2, 1) values that meet the a priori hypothesis are marked with bold