Figure 3.

Calcitriol inhibits invasion of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells. ACHN and 786‐O cells were incubated with LPS (2.0 μg/mL) or transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 (10 ng/mL) in the absence or presence of calcitriol (200 nmol/L). A and B, Invasion of ACHN cells was measured using Transwell invasion assay. Migrated cells were counted in (A) LPS‐ and (B) TGF‐β1‐stimulated ACHN cells. C and D, Invasion of 786‐O cells was measured using Transwell invasion assay. Migrated cells were counted in (C) LPS‐ and (D) TGF‐β1‐stimulated 786‐O cells. E‐I, ACHN cells were collected 6 h after LPS. (E) MMP‐2, (F) MMP‐7, (G) MMP‐9, (H) MMP‐26 and (I) urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (u‐PA) mRNAs were determined using RT‐PCR. All experiments were repeated three times. Data are expressed as means ± SEM (N = 4), **P < .01