Figure 7.

Evaluation of extracellular vesicle (EV) HULC as a biomarker for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). EV HULC expression was analyzed in serum from PDAC patients, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) patients, and healthy individuals. A, Blue dots, wells containing HULC; yellow dots, wells without HULC. B, Expression of HULC. C, Samples from PDAC patients were analyzed to evaluate the correlation between EV HULC expression and stage, N factor, and M factor. Bars are means ± SEM. *P < .05. D, Discriminatory ability of EV HULC expression, carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in PDAC patients compared to healthy individuals, IPMN patients, and both healthy individuals and IPMN patients. Sensitivity and specificity of HULC expression are presented as area under the curve (AUC) values. Cut‐off (probability) values of HULC, CA19‐9, and CEA are 0.43, 0.44, and 0.6 (PDAC patients vs healthy individuals), and 0.22, 0.39, and 0.26 (PDAC patients vs both healthy individuals and IPMN patients), respectively. N.S., not significant