Table 2.
Baseline imaging characteristics
| HFpEF n = 140 |
Controls n = 48 |
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Previous chest radiography | |||
| Pulmonary oedema (%) | 97 (69) | NA | – |
| Raised cardiothoracic ratio (%) | 101 (72) | NA | – |
| Pleural effusion (%) | 49 (35) | NA | – |
| Echocardiography | |||
| E/E′ | 13 ± 6 | 9 ± 3 | < 0.0001 |
| CMR LV parameters | |||
| LVEF (%) | 56 ± 5 | 58 ± 5 | 0.019 |
| LVEDVI (ml/m2) | 79 ± 18 | 81 ± 14 | 0.409 |
| LVESVI (ml/m2) | 35 ± 10 | 34 ± 8 | 0.541 |
| LV mass indexed (g/m2) | 52 ± 15 | 46 ± 9 | < 0.0001 |
| LV mass/LVEDV | 0.68 ± 0.16 | 0.57 ± 0.09 | < 0.0001 |
| Presence of MI (%) | 23 (16) | 0 (0) | < 0.0001 |
| MI size (% of LV mass) | 3.0 (1.3–4.6) | 0 (0) | < 0.0001 |
| Presence of non-MI focal fibrosis (%) | 49 (35) | 5 (10) | < 0.0001 |
| Non-MI fibrosis size (% of LV mass) | 2.9 (1.4–6.5) | 2.4 (0.6–3.6) | 0.002 |
| Native myocardial T1 (ms) | 1234 ± 73 | 1197 ± 91 | 0.021 |
| Post-contrast myocardial T1 (ms) | 461 ± 63 | 495 ± 85 | 0.011 |
| ECV (%) | 28 ± 4.6 | 25 ± 3.2 | < 0.0001 |
| iECV (ml/m2) | 13.7 ± 4 | 10.9 ± 2.8 | < 0.0001 |
| CMR LA parameters | |||
| Overall: all subjects including atrial fibrillation | |||
| LAEF (%) | 32 ± 16 | 51 ± 11 | < 0.0001 |
| Normal-sized LA (%) | 50 (36) | 33 (69) | < 0.0001 |
| LAVImax (ml/m2) | 53 ± 25 | 35 ± 12 | < 0.0001 |
| LAVImin (ml/m2) | 38 ± 26 | 17 ± 8 | < 0.0001 |
| LA reservoir volume indexed ( ml/m2) | 15 ± 7 | 17 ± 6 | 0.025 |
| LA conduit volume indexed (ml/m2) | 29 ± 9 | 30 ± 9 | < 0.677 |
ECV extracellular volume, iECV indexed to body surface area, extracellular volume LA left atrium, LAEF left atrial ejection fraction, LAVImax left atrial maximal volume indexed to body surface area, LAVImin left atrial minimal volume indexed to body surface area, LV left ventricle, LVEDVI left ventricular end-diastolic volume indexed to body surface area, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, LVESVI left ventricular end-systolic volume indexed to body surface area, MI myocardial infarction