Table 2.
Descriptive statistics for dietary intakes, physical activity and body composition
| Total | Male | Female | p | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | n | n | ||||||||
| Diet and 25OHD status | ||||||||||
| Energy (mean, SD, kcal) | 97 | 1,248.77 | 445.20 | 46 | 1,338.13 | 30.98 | 51 | 1168.18 | 418.98 | 0.276 |
| Protein (median, IQR, g) | 97 | 51.87 | 28.30 | 46 | 55.36 | 30.98 | 51 | 50.85 | 29.98 | 0.094 |
| Fat (mean, SD, g) | 97 | 41.76 | 15.88 | 46 | 44.01 | 14.61 | 51 | 39.73 | 16.84 | 0.186 |
| Carbohydrate (median, IQR, g) | 97 | 158.14 | 62.09 | 46 | 166.68 | 47.11 | 51 | 140.6 | 82.57 | 0.048* |
| Calcium (mean, SD, mg) | 97 | 824.67 | 356.38 | 46 | 866.33 | 346.32 | 51 | 787.07 | 364.52 | 0.276 |
| Vitamin D (median, IQR, μg) | 97 | 1.83 | 1.64 | 46 | 1.8 | 1.93 | 51 | 1.9 | 1.34 | 0.931 |
| Fibre (mean, SD, g) | 97 | 11.97 | 5.68 | 46 | 12.57 | 6.2 | 51 | 11.43 | 5.18 | 0.323 |
| Serum 25OHD (median, IQR, nmol/L) | 32 | 52.25 | 24.73 | 20 | 52.9 | 34.95 | 12 | 52.25 | 18.43 | 0.863 |
| Physical activity | ||||||||||
| Moderate PA (median, IQR, min/week) | 73 | 300 | 250 | 36 | 300 | 257.5 | 37 | 300 | 242 | 0.873 |
| Moderate PA (median, IQR, METs/week) | 73 | 1380 | 1136 | 36 | 1379 | 1228.25 | 37 | 1380 | 1121 | 0.762 |
| Vigorous PA (median, IQR, min/week) | 73 | 175 | 195 | 36 | 210 | 178.75 | 37 | 150 | 212.5 | 0.216 |
| Vigorous PA (median, IQR, METsa/week) | 73 | 2343 | 8778 | 36 | 3372.5 | 7611.5 | 37 | 1604 | 11,593 | 0.284 |
| Total PA (median, IQR, min/week) | 73 | 500 | 380 | 36 | 523.5 | 371.25 | 37 | 495 | 328 | 0.456 |
| Screen time (median, IQR, min/week) | 73 | 600 | 540 | 35 | 720 | 600 | 37 | 600 | 535 | 0.054 |
| Body composition | ||||||||||
| Weight (mean, SD, kg) | 102 | 19.99 | 2.41 | 47 | 20.2 | 2.05 | 55 | 19.82 | 2.7 | 0.436 |
| Length (mean, SD, cm) | 102 | 111.12 | 4.26 | 47 | 111.51 | 3.89 | 55 | 110.79 | 4.56 | 0.395 |
| BMI (mean, SD, kg/m2) | 102 | 16.15 | 1.25 | 47 | 16.22 | 1.06 | 55 | 16.09 | 1.4 | 0.621 |
| Weight centile (median, IQR) | 102 | 61.5 | 45 | 47 | 66 | 40 | 55 | 56 | 46 | 0.314 |
| Length centile (median, IQR) | 102 | 60 | 53 | 47 | 60 | 50 | 55 | 60 | 57 | 0.689 |
| BMI centile (median, IQR) | 102 | 66.5 | 42 | 47 | 72 | 44 | 55 | 61 | 41 | 0.290 |
| Head circ. (mean, SD, cm) | 102 | 51.64 | 1.44 | 47 | 51.98 | 1.44 | 55 | 51.35 | 1.39 | 0.026* |
| Neck circ. (mean, SD, cm) | 102 | 25.29 | 1.36 | 47 | 25.81 | 1.29 | 55 | 24.85 | 1.26 | < 0.010* |
| MUA circ. (mean, SD, cm) | 102 | 17.52 | 1.27 | 47 | 17.45 | 1.11 | 55 | 17.59 | 1.4 | 0.591 |
| Chest circ. (mean, SD, cm) | 101 | 56.22 | 2.63 | 47 | 56.92 | 2.04 | 54 | 55.61 | 2.93 | 0.012* |
| Abdomen circ. (mean, SD, cm) | 102 | 54.53 | 4.97 | 47 | 54.42 | 5.64 | 55 | 54.62 | 4.37 | 0.844 |
| Hip circ. (mean, SD, cm) | 102 | 59.6 | 4.08 | 47 | 59.72 | 3.59 | 55 | 59.49 | 4.48 | 0.772 |
| Thigh circ. (mean, SD, cm) | 102 | 32.54 | 3.05 | 47 | 31.85 | 2.87 | 55 | 33.13 | 3.1 | 0.034* |
| Triceps skinfold (mean, SD, cm) | 100 | 9.84 | 2.51 | 47 | 9.36 | 2.56 | 53 | 10.27 | 2.4 | 0.071 |
| Biceps skinfold (mean, SD, cm) | 101 | 5.36 | 1.56 | 47 | 5.21 | 1.54 | 54 | 5.50 | 1.57 | 0.344 |
| Subscapular skinfold (mean, SD, cm) | 99 | 5.94 | 1.93 | 47 | 5.6 | 1.22 | 52 | 6.26 | 2.36 | 0.089 |
| Thigh skinfold (mean, SD, cm) | 100 | 15.02 | 4.99 | 47 | 14.23 | 5.18 | 53 | 15.72 | 4.77 | 0.139 |
| General adiposity (mean, SD, cm) | 99 | 36.17 | 9.35 | 47 | 34.4 | 9.18 | 52 | 37.77 | 9.30 | 0.073 |
| Central adiposity (mean, SD, cm) | 99 | 15.79 | 3.96 | 47 | 14.96 | 3.56 | 52 | 16.54 | 4.18 | 0.047* |
| Subscap to triceps ratio (median, IQR, ) | 99 | 0.6 | 0.17 | 47 | 0.61 | 0.13 | 52 | 0.59 | 0.20 | 0.473 |
| Lean body mass (mean, SD, kg) | 102 | 14.45 | 1.55 | 47 | 14.48 | 1.36 | 55 | 14.42 | 1.71 | 0.825 |
| Fat mass (mean, SD, kg) | 102 | 4.81 | 1.28 | 47 | 4.54 | 1.31 | 55 | 5.03 | 1.21 | 0.019* |
| Lean body mass percentage (mean, SD) | 102 | 72.5 | 4.6 | 47 | 73.82 | 5.1 | 55 | 71.37 | 3.76 | < 0.010* |
| Fat mass percentage (mean, SD) | 102 | 23.81 | 4.35 | 47 | 22.83 | 4.69 | 55 | 24.65 | 3.88 | 0.022* |
SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; PA, physical activity; METs, metabolic equivalents; BMI, body mass index; MUA, mid-upper arm
IQR reported as a single value (calculated as the 75th percentile–25th percentile)
*p is significant at p < 0.05.