Table 5.
Unadjusted correlations of factors with bone mineral density in 5 years old children
| Total | Male | Female | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| r | p | r | p | r | p | |
| Diet | ||||||
| Calcium (mg) | 0.055 | 0.595 | − 0.163 | 0.281 | 0.144 | 0.314 |
| Vitamin D (μg) | − 0.173 | 0.090 | − 0.330 | 0.025* | − 0.099 | 0.486 |
| Energy (kcal) | − 0.084 | 0.413 | − 0.357 | 0.015* | 0.003 | 0.985 |
| Protein (g) | 0.004 | 0.966 | − 0.15 | 0.319 | 0.055 | 0.701 |
| Carbohydrate (g) | − 0.014 | 0.170 | − 0.424 | 0.003** | − 0.067 | 0.638 |
| Fat (g) | 0.042 | 0.686 | − 0.164 | 0.275 | 0.101 | 0.482 |
| Fibre (g) | − 0.114 | 0.263 | − 0.345 | 0.019* | < 0.001 | 0.997 |
| Serum 25OHD (nmol/L) | 0.161 | 0.396 | − 0.286 | 0.222 | < 0.001 | 1.000 |
| Physical activity | ||||||
| Moderate PA (min/week) | 0.017 | 0.888 | 0.201 | 2.240 | − 0.156 | .358 |
| Moderate PA (METs/week) | 0.001 | 0.991 | 0.210 | 0.219 | − 0.186 | 0.269 |
| Vigorous PA (min/week) | − 0.017 | 0.889 | − 0.154 | 0.369 | − 0.037 | − 0.084 |
| Vigorous PA (METs/week) | 0.005 | 0.970 | 0.081 | 0.640 | − 0.084 | 0.622 |
| Screen time (min/week) | 0.111 | 0.354 | 0.016 | 0.926 | 0.057 | 0.736 |
| Body composition | ||||||
| Weight (kg) | 0.409 | 0.000** | 0.03 | 0.842 | 0.591 | 0.000** |
| Length (cm) | 0.248 | 0.012* | − 0.11 | 0.460 | 0.429 | 0.000** |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.385 | 0.000** | 0.151 | 0.310 | 0.505 | 0.000** |
| Weight centile | 0.365 | 0.000** | − 0.035 | 0.816 | 0.579 | 0.000** |
| Length centile | 0.190 | 0.056 | − 0.157 | 0.293 | 0.390 | 0.003** |
| BMI centile | 0.384 | 0.000** | 0.128 | 0.391 | 0.499 | 0.000** |
| Head circ. (cm) | 0.392 | 0.000** | 0.306 | 0.037* | 0.393 | 0.003** |
| Neck circ. (cm) | 0.437 | 0.000** | 0.215 | 0.146 | 0.495 | 0.000** |
| MUA circ. (cm) | 0.347 | 0.000** | 0.039 | 0.792 | 0.552 | 0.000** |
| Chest circ. (cm) | 0.294 | 0.003** | − 0.040 | 0.791 | 0.373 | 0.005** |
| Abdomen circ. (cm) | 0.199 | 0.044* | 0.055 | 0.711 | 0.360 | 0.007** |
| Hip circ. (cm) | 0.248 | 0.012* | − 0.077 | 0.607 | 0.423 | 0.001** |
| Thigh circ. (cm) | 0.195 | 0.050* | − 0.047 | 0.753 | 0.462 | 0.000** |
| Triceps skinfold (cm) | 0.174 | 0.083 | − 0.084 | 0.575 | 0.477 | 0.000** |
| Biceps skinfold (cm) | 0.058 | 0.562 | − 0.142 | 0.341 | 0.238 | 0.083 |
| Subscapular skinfold (cm) | 0.148 | 0.145 | 0.019 | 0.897 | 0.28 | 0.044* |
| Thigh skinfold (cm) | 0.082 | 0.419 | 0.079 | 0.597 | 0.163 | 0.245 |
| Sum of skinfolds (cm) | 0.126 | 0.213 | 0.000 | 1.000 | .0320 | 0.021* |
| Subscapular and triceps skinfold (cm) | 0.184 | 0.069 | − 0.054 | 0.720 | 0.443 | 0.001** |
| Subscap to triceps ratio | 0.004 | 0.965 | 0.088 | 0.555 | − 0.088 | 0.534 |
| Lean body mass (kg) | − 0.075 | 0.453 | 0.035 | 0.818 | − 0.145 | 0.290 |
| Fat mass (kg) | − 0.16 | 0.108 | 0.095 | 0.524 | − 0.266 | 0.050* |
| Lean body mass percentage | 0.156 | 0.117 | − 0.098 | 0.511 | − 0.266 | 0.050* |
| Fat mass percentage | − 0.113 | 0.260 | 0.116 | 0.439 | − 0.2 | 0.143 |
PA, physical activity; METs, metabolic equivalents; BMI; body mass index; circ.: circumference; MUA, mid-upper arm
*Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed)
**Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed)