Table 3.
Standardized path coefficients, direct and indirect effects associated with the EA PGS, achievement, impulsivity, concentration problems, aggression, and higher education
| Direct effects | b(SE) | P |
|---|---|---|
| EA PGSa → 1st grade reading | 0.07 (0.06) | .220 |
| EA PGS → 1st grade math | 0.12 (0.06) | .029 |
| EA PGS → 1st grade impulsivity | 0.08 (0.06) | .177 |
| EA PGS → 1st grade concentration problems | −0.03 (0.06) | .602 |
| EA PGS → 1st grade aggression | 0.07 (0.06) | .220 |
| EA PGS → 12th grade reading | 0.27 (0.08) | .001 |
| EA PGS → 12th grade math | 0.45 (0.10) | <005 |
| EA PGS → 12th grade impulsivity | −0.09 (0.08) | .234 |
| EA PGS → 12th grade concentration problems | −0.07 (0.08) | .385 |
| EA PGS → 12th grade aggression | −0.12 (0.09) | .166 |
| EA PGS → higher education | 0.13 (0.06) | .036 |
| 1st grade reading → higher education | 0.32 (0.07) | <005 |
| 1st grade math → higher education | 0.17 (0.07) | .011 |
| 1st grade impulsivity → higher education | −0.11 (0.06) | .080 |
| 1st grade concentration problems → higher education | −0.29 (0.06) | <005 |
| 1st grade aggression → higher education | −0.19 (0.07) | .006 |
| 12th grade reading → higher education | 0.42 (0.07) | <005 |
| 12th grade math → higher education | 0.49 (0.09) | <005 |
| 12th grade impulsivity → higher education | −0.03 (0.07) | .664 |
| 12th grade concentration problems y higher education | −0.48 (0.06) | <005 |
| 12th grade aggression → higher education | −0.29 (0.09) | .001 |
| Indirect effects | b [95% CI] | P |
| EA PGS → 1st grade reading → higher education | 0.02 (−0.02, 0.07) | .231 |
| EA PGS → 1st grade math → higher education | 0.02 (−0.001, 0.07) | .103 |
| EA PGS → 1st grade impulsivity → higher education | −0.10 (−0.05, 0.10) | .341 |
| EA PGS → 1st grade concentration problems → higher education | 0.01 (−0.04, 0.06) | .612 |
| EA PGS → 1st grade aggression y higher education | −0.01 (−0.06, 0.01) | .308 |
| EA PGS → 12th grade reading→ higher education | 0.11 (0.01, 0.26) | .009 |
| EA PGS → 12th grade math → higher education | 0.22 (0.06, 0.54) | .005 |
| EA PGS → 12th grade impulsivity → higher education | 0.003 (−0.01, 0.06) | .775 |
| EA PGS → 12th grade concentration problems → higher education | 0.03 (−0.08, 0.14) | .394 |
| EA PGS → 12th grade aggression → higher education | 0.04 (−0.03, 0.14) | .278 |
a
The EA PGS included in the analyses was regressed on the ten genetic ancestry principal components.
Note. EA PGS = educational attainment polygenic score. Separate analyses were conducted for each mediator.