Table 3.
Factors associated with poor LTP after MWA for HCC according to univariate and multivariate analysis
| Factors | No. of patients | Univariate analysis multivariate analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value* | ||
| Age (y) | 1.908 (0.948, 3.838) | .070 | — | — | |
| <65 | 412 | ||||
| ≥65 | 128 | ||||
| Gender | 0.839 (0.462, 1.524) | .565 | — | — | |
| Male | 424 | ||||
| Female | 116 | ||||
| Comorbidities | 2.129 (0.651, 6.961) | .211 | — | — | |
| Absence | 79 | ||||
| Presence | 461 | ||||
| Etiology | — | — | |||
| HBV | 423 | — | .516 | ||
| HCV | 48 | 1.482 (0.592, 3.712) | .400 | ||
| Alcohol‐induced | 9 | 0.682 (0.163, 2.859) | .601 | ||
| Other | 60 | 0.000 (0.000, 1.141) | .975 | ||
| Cirrhosis | 1.404 (0.508, 3.875) | .513 | — | — | |
| Absence | 50 | ||||
| Presence | 490 | ||||
| Tumor size (cm) | 2.072 (1.250, 3.436) | .005 | 2.887 (1.456, 5.727) | .002 | |
| <3 | 390 | ||||
| 3‐5 | 150 | ||||
| Tumor number | 5.627 (2.992, 10.581) | <.001 | 6.816 (3.033, 15.320) | <.001 | |
| Single | 316 | ||||
| Multiple | 224 | ||||
| Abutting major vessels | 1.018 (0.501, 2.068) | .960 | — | — | |
| Absence | 461 | ||||
| Presence | 79 | ||||
| AFP (ng/mL) | 1.227 (0.907, 1.661) | .185 | — | — | |
| ≤20 | 373 | ||||
| >20 | 167 | ||||
| Albumin (g/L) | 1.710 (0.756, 3.866) | .197 | — | — | |
| <35 | 171 | ||||
| ≥35 | 369 | ||||
| Total bilirubin (μmol/L) | 0.719 (0.334, 1.549) | .400 | — | — | |
| <20.5 | 365 | ||||
| ≥20.5 | 175 | ||||
| ALT (U/L) | 0.278 (0.085, 0.907) | .034 | 0.236 (0.072, 0.775) | .017 | |
| <40 | 404 | ||||
| ≥40 | 136 | ||||
| AST (U/L) | 1.345 (0.743, 2.434) | .328 | — | — | |
| <40 | 421 | ||||
| ≥40 | 119 | ||||
| Platelet count (×109) | 1.428 (0.732, 2.788) | .296 | 2.086 (1.033, 4.214) | .040 | |
| <100 | 285 | ||||
| ≥100 | 255 | ||||
| INR | 1.012 (0.582, 1.760) | .967 | — | — | |
| <1.1 | 316 | ||||
| ≥1.1 | 224 | ||||
| Ablation session | 2.148 (0.783, 3.603) | .349 | — | — | |
| 1 | 536 | ||||
| >1 | 4 | ||||
| CTP grade | 3.110 (1.097, 8.817) | .033 | 5.813 (1.966, 17.188) | .001 | |
| A | 516 | ||||
| B | 24 | ||||
| BCLC grade | 8.356 (1.144, 61.053) | .036 | — | — | |
| 0 | 180 | ||||
| A | 360 | ||||
Data in parentheses are 95% confidence intervals.
Abbreviations: AFP, α‐fetoprotein; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BCLC, barcelona clinic liver cancer; CTP, Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence intervals; INR, international normalized ratio; MWA, microwave ablation.
*
P values were determined with Cox proportional hazards regression models. P < .05 indicated a significant difference.