Table 1. Maternal characteristics according to GDM diagnosis.
| Maternal characteristic | No GDM | IADPSG GDM | CC GDM | PANOVAa | Ppost hocb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 1,838 | 131 | 69 | ||
| Age at 50-g GCT, yr | 34.3±3.9 | 34.7±3.8 | 35.6±3.6 | 0.011 | c |
| Prepregnancy BMI, kg/m2 | 21.0±2.8 | 22.0±3.1 | 23.5±4.2 | <0.001 | c,d,e |
| Prepregnancy overweight and obesity | <0.001 | ||||
| Normal weight (BMI <23 kg/m2) | 1,471 (81.2) | 91 (69.5) | 39 (56.5) | ||
| Overweight (BMI 23–24.9 kg/m2) | 190 (10.5) | 22 (16.8) | 11 (16.0) | ||
| Obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) | 150 (8.3) | 18 (13.7) | 19 (27.5) | ||
| BMI at 50-g GCT, kg/m2 | 23.5±2.8 | 24.3±2.9 | 26.1±3.9 | <0.001 | c,d,e |
| BMI at delivery, kg/m2 | 26.0±3.1 | 26.6±3.2 | 27.2±4.1 | 0.001 | c |
| Pregnancy weight gain, kg | 13.2±4.5 | 12.0±4.7 | 9.7±4.7 | <0.001 | c,d,e |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 107±12 | 107±11 | 109±13 | 0.329 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 60±9 | 59±8 | 61±10 | 0.145 | |
| Parity | 0.321 | ||||
| 0 | 1,167 (63.5) | 74 (56.5) | 47 (68.1) | ||
| 1 | 581 (31.6) | 49 (37.4) | 17 (24.6) | ||
| ≥2 | 901 (4.9) | 8 (6.1) | 5 (7.2) | ||
| 50-g GCT glucose, mg/dL | 123.7±23.7 | 157.2±13.9 | 173.3±20.0 | <0.001 | c,d,e |
| Gestational age at 75-g OGTT, wkf | 25.9±1.1 | 25.8±0.9 | 25.8±0.9 | 0.279 | |
| 75-g OGTT glucose, mg/dLf | |||||
| Fasting | 81.0±5.1 | 86.6±7.1 | 95.3±14.9 | <0.001 | c,d,e |
| 1-hr | 137.6±23.4 | 163.6±20.1 | 198.6±20.2 | <0.001 | c,d,e |
| 2-hr | 121.0±17.8 | 150.4±21.2 | 172.9±25.1 | <0.001 | c,d,e |
| Insulin treatment | 0 | 0 | 28 (40.6) |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%).
GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; IADPSG, International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups; CC, Carpenter-Coustan; ANOVA, analysis of variance; GCT, glucose challenge test; BMI, body mass index; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test.
aP for ANOVA in the case of a continuous variable and chi-square test in the case of a discrete variable, bPost hoc analysis by Tukey's method, cP<0.05 for no GDM vs. CC GDM, dP<0.05 for no GDM vs. IADPSG GDM, eP<0.05 for IDPSG GDM vs. CC GDM, f75-g OGTT was performed for only 729 GCT-positive women.