Figure 1.

The quantity of microbiome, but not richness, was altered after cardiac surgery in the rats. A and B. Observed species and the Chao index were similar between the Con and Cardiac groups. These results indicated that microbial richness did not differ in the microbiome after cardiac surgery. C and D. The Shannon and Simpson indexes significantly differed between the two groups, indicating that the quantity of microbiome may be altered after cardiac surgery. E. Heat map comparison between the Con group and Cardiac group at the genus level (n = 6). Data for Observed species, the Chao index and the Shannon index were examined using independent Student’s t-tests. The non-normal variables (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, P<0.05) of Simpson significance were tested by the Mann-Whitney rank sum test. Con = control. *P<0.05.