Table 3.

Circulating antioxidants levels.

Groups	Total Glutathione (μmol/L)	GSH (μmol/L)	GSSG (μmol/L)	GSH/GSSG Ratio	GPx Activity (U/g Hb)
C (n = 12)	1304.56 ± 43.78	1238.18 ± 43.34	33.19 ± 3.08	41.11 ± 4.29	869.01 ± 28.78
AL (n = 12)	1673.43 ± 102.05 ††	1566.93 ± 104.13 †	53.25 ± 5.66 ††	33.18 ± 4.05	875.29 ± 10.00
F (n = 12)	1015.82 ± 109.29 * &&&	921.53 ± 110.44 ** &&&	47.15 ± 3.66 **	21.33 ± 2.96 ** &	790.13 ± 23.51 *
F + AL (n = 12)	1392.23 ± 55.14 & ££	1338.13 ± 55.19 ££	27.05 ± 3.66 &&& £££	54.05 ± 5.76 £££	873.17 ± 21.41 £

C: control group, AL: alpha-lipoic acid-treated group, F: fructose-fed group, F + AL: fructose-fed group treated with alpha-lipoic acid. ^† p < 0.05, ^†† p < 0.01: AL vs. C; ^* p < 0.05, ^** p < 0.01: F and F + AL vs. C; ^& p < 0.05, ^&&& p < 0.001: F and F + AL vs. AL; ^£ p < 0.05; ^££ p < 0.01, ^£££ p < 0.001: F + AL vs. F.