Skip to main content
. 2019 Dec 5;8(12):620. doi: 10.3390/antiox8120620

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) or/and Hibiscus leaf polyphenol (HLP) on cell viability and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activities in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). (a) A7r5 cells were treated with various concentrations (0–20 ng/mL) of TNF-α for 24 h. Cell viability was analyzed by MTT assay. (b) A7r5 cells in serum-free medium were treated with various concentrations of TNF-α for 24 h. The culture medium of cells after treatment was subjected to gelatin zymography to analyze the MMP activity. (c) A7r5 cells were treated with TNF-α (10 ng/mL) in the absence or presence of various concentrations (0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 mg/mL) of HLP for 24 h. Cell viability was analyzed by MTT assay. The quantitative data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) (n = 3) from three independent experiments. # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01 compared with the control. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 compared with the TNF-α group. (d) A7r5 cells in serum-free medium were treated with TNF-α in the absence or presence of various concentrations of HLP for 24 h. The culture medium of cells after treatment was subjected to gelatin zymography to analyze the MMP activity. The result is representative of at least three independent experiments. +, added; −, non-added.