| AGE | Advanced glycation end products |
| AMPK | adenosine monophosphate activation kinase |
| AUC | Area under the curve |
| BSA | Bovine serum albumin |
| BW | Body weight |
| C/EBPα | CAAT box/enhancer binding protein alpha |
| DM | Diabetes mellitus |
| FAS | Fatty acid synthase |
| FBG | Fasting blood glucose |
| 4-HNE | Four-hydroxynonenal |
| GOT | Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase |
| GPT | Glutamate pyruvate transaminase |
| GPx | Glutathione peroxidase |
| H&E | Hematoxylin and eosin |
| HSCs | Hepatic stellate cells |
| IL-1β | Interleukin-1β |
| IL-6 | Interleukin-6 |
| LB | Lespedeza Bicolor |
| MGO | Methylglyoxal |
| NC | Normal control |
| NF-κB | nuclear factor kappa B |
| NQO1 | NAD(P)H degydrogenase quinine 1 |
| Nrf2 | Nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 |
| OGTT | Oral glucose tolerance test |
| PVDF | Polyvinylidene fluoride |
| SIRT1 | Sirtuin1 |
| SOD | Superoxide dismutase |
| STZ | Streptozotocin |
| RAGE | Advanced glycation end products receptor |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| RNS | Reactive nitrogen species |
| SREBP1 | Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 |
| T2DM | Type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| TC | Total cholesterol |
| TG | Triglyceride |
| TNFα | Tumor necrosis factor α |