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A schematic diagram illustrating the protective mechanism of A. lappa root extract (ALRE) on Pb(II)-induced liver injury. Pb(II) provokes reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation which activates NF-κB, and stimulates GSK-3β, resulting in inflammation and cell death via apoptosis. ALRE suppresses ROS production, boosts antioxidant defenses and activates Akt which phosphorylates/deactivates GSK-3β.
