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. 2019 Nov 28;17(4):415–429. doi: 10.1016/j.gpb.2018.10.007

Table 4.

Literature-reported biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of PD

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Note: Molecule types includes gene, RNA, protein, and metabolite; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; PET, positron emission tomography; EEG, electroencephalograph; SPECT, single photon emission computed tomography; REM, rapid eye movement.