Fig. 1.

Exercise-induced hypoxia redistribution in the small intestine. Pimonidazole HCl was used to detect the tissue hypoxia in the small intestine of ODD-Luc mice. (A) Horizontal bars indicate the time-points of experiments. (B) The immunostaining (arrows) show low PO₂ in the villus of the SED mice. Exercise markedly increased the staining in the crypts. However, the intensified staining in the crypts was observed in the ME and HE groups but not in the LE group. (C) The MOD indicated the intensity of staining in specifically immunoreactive areas in the intestine of the SED, ME, HE, and LE groups. n = 6/group; Scale bars = 100 μm. ** p < 0.01. HCl = hydrochloride; HE = heavy-intensity exercise; i.p. = intraperitoneal; LE = long-time exercise; ME = moderate exercise; MOD = mean optical density; ODD = oxygen-dependent degradation domain; PO₂ = partial pressure of oxygen; SED = sedentary control.