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. 2020 Jan;190(1):108–124. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.09.015

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Representative images of phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) immunostaining in keratinocyte growth factor (KGF)–pretreated bladders 1 day after cyclophosphamide injection. A–C: Immunostaining for pAKT (red) shows minimal expression in uninjured (and untreated) urothelium (arrows, A), minor increased signal in PBS-pretreated mice 1 day after cyclophosphamide administration (arrows, B), and robust staining throughout the urothelium in KGF-pretreated mice 1 day after cyclophosphamide administration (arrows, C). D–F: Immunofluorescence images for pERK (red) reveal little global signal in uninjured (and untreated) urothelium (D), PBS-pretreated urothelium 1 day after cyclophosphamide administration (E), and KGF-pretreated urothelium 1 day after cyclophosphamide administration (F). Blue indicates DAPI. Dotted lines indicate demarcation between urothelial layer and underlying lamina propria. Scale bars = 50 μm (A–F). L, lumen.