Table 1:
Demographic and clinical characteristics collected at enrollment by anesthetic exposure prior to censoring*
| Characteristic | Overall (N=1,819) |
No Anesthesia (N=1,171) |
General Anesthesia (N=537) |
Regional Anesthesia (N=111) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years† | 78.9 (5.1) | 79.4 (5.3) | 77.9 (4.7) | 78.0 (5.0) |
| Sex† | ||||
| Male | 944 (52%) | 589 (50%) | 304 (57%) | 51 (46%) |
| Female | 875 (48%) | 582 (50%) | 233 (43%) | 60 (54%) |
| Education, years | ||||
| Less than 12 years | 167 (9%) | 116 (10%) | 48 (9%) | 3 (3%) |
| 12 years | 611 (34%) | 397 (34%) | 178 (33%) | 36 (32%) |
| 13–15 years | 452 (25%) | 289 (25%) | 135 (25%) | 28 (25%) |
| 16 years and above | 589 (32%) | 369 (32%) | 176 (33%) | 44 (40%) |
| Smoking status† | ||||
| Never | 958 (53%) | 637 (54%) | 261 (49%) | 60 (54%) |
| Former | 797 (44%) | 489 (42%) | 260 (48%) | 48 (43%) |
| Current | 64 (4%) | 45 (4%) | 16 (3%) | 3 (3%) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 175 (10%) | 119 (10%) | 44 (8%) | 12 (11%) |
| Married | 1,169 (64%) | 721 (62%) | 373 (69%) | 75 (68%) |
| Widowed | 475 (26%) | 331 (28%) | 120 (22%) | 24 (22%) |
| APOE-ε4 genotype, n=1,816 | 484 (27%) | 301 (26%) | 156 (29%) | 27 (24%) |
| History of alcohol problem, n=1,816 | 69 (4%) | 42 (4%) | 25 (5%) | 2 (2%) |
| Charlson comorbidity index | ||||
| 0 | 169 (9%) | 106 (9%) | 50 (9%) | 13 (12%) |
| 1 | 364 (20%) | 230 (20%) | 111 (21%) | 23 (21%) |
| 2+ | 1286 (71%) | 835 (71%) | 376 (70%) | 75 (68%) |
| Midlife diabetes | 95 (5%) | 69 (6%) | 22 (4%) | 4 (4%) |
| Midlife hypertension | 646 (36%) | 399 (34%) | 201 (37%) | 46 (41%) |
| Midlife dyslipidemia | 801 (44%) | 493 (42%) | 251 (47%) | 57 (51%) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 294 (16%) | 193 (16%) | 88 (16%) | 13 (12%) |
| Congestive heart failure | 180 (10%) | 123 (11%) | 52 (10%) | 5 (5%) |
| Stroke | 96 (5%) | 67 (6%) | 28 (5%) | 1 (1%) |
| Coronary artery disease | 711 (39%) | 459 (39%) | 212 (39%) | 40 (36%) |
| Cognitive status† | ||||
| Cognitively unimpaired† | 1,564 (86%) | 974 (83%) | 487 (91%) | 103 (93%) |
| Mild cognitive impairment | 255 (14%) | 197 (17%) | 50 (9%) | 8 (7%) |
| Anaesthesia exposure in the prior 20 years†,‡ | ||||
| No exposure | 618 (34%) | 446 (38%) | 141 (26%) | 31 (28%) |
| General anesthesia only | 833 (46%) | 529 (45%) | 260 (48%) | 44 (40%) |
| Regional anesthesia only | 118 (6%) | 69 (6%) | 35 (7%) | 14 (13%) |
| Both general and regional anesthesia | 250 (14%) | 127 (11%) | 101 (19%) | 22 (20%) |
Values are n (%) for categorical variables and mean (SD) for continuous variables. Cognitive status reflects status at the time of first z-score. Regional anesthesia was defined as central neuraxial or peripheral nerve block. Combined general with regional anesthesia was defined as general anesthesia. Cognitive function z-scores are from date of first available global z-score. When not all data is available numbers of rows with complete information are presented.
Indicates a significant univariate association (P<.05) between the characteristic and cause-specific hazard for general anesthesia
Indicates a significant univariate association (P<.05) between the characteristic and cause-specific hazard for regional anesthesia
Abbreviations: APOE = apolipoprotein.