TABLE 1. Demographic and medical history characteristics of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use–associated lung injury (EVALI) patients, by rehospitalization, death after discharge, and no rehospitalization nor death after discharge — United States, 2019*.
| Characteristic |
Rehospitalization (N = 31) |
P-value§ |
Death after discharge (N = 7) |
P-value¶ |
No rehospitalization nor death† (N = 768) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. |
No. (%) or median (IQR) |
No. |
No. (%) or median (IQR) |
No. |
No. (%) or median (IQR) |
|||
| Age, median (IQR) | 31 | 27 (17–39) | 0.35 | 7 | 54 (34–75) | <0.001 | 766 | 23 (18–32) |
|
Age group (yrs)
| ||||||||
| 13–17 |
31 |
8 (25.8%) |
0.01 |
7 |
0 (0.0%) |
<0.001 |
766 |
128 (16.7%) |
| 18–24 |
4 (12.9%) |
0 (0.0%) |
305 (39.8%) |
|||||
| 25–50 |
17 (54.8%) |
2 (28.6%) |
290 (37.9%) |
|||||
| ≥51 |
2 (6.5%) |
5 (71.4%) |
43 (5.6%) |
|||||
|
Gender
| ||||||||
| Male |
31 |
18 (58.1%) |
0.36 |
7 |
2 (28.6%) |
0.06 |
766 |
508 (66.3%) |
| Female |
13 (41.9%) |
5 (71.4%) |
257 (33.6%) |
|||||
| Other |
0 (0.0%) |
0 (0.0%) |
1 (0.1%) |
|||||
|
Medical history
| ||||||||
| Any cardiac disease |
16 |
4 (25.0%) |
0.07 |
6 |
5 (83.3%) |
<0.001 |
591 |
59 (10.0%) |
| Any chronic respiratory disease |
22 |
10 (45.5%) |
0.09 |
5 |
2 (40.0%) |
0.62 |
681 |
187 (27.5%) |
| Asthma |
16 |
3 (18.8%) |
0.74 |
5 |
0 (0.0%) |
>0.99 |
599 |
99 (16.5%) |
| Obstructive sleep apnea |
16 |
3 (18.8%) |
0.002 |
5 |
2 (40.0%) |
0.002 |
599 |
8 (1.3%) |
| COPD |
16 |
2 (12.5%) |
0.12 |
5 |
2 (40.0%) |
0.01 |
599 |
21 (3.5%) |
| Diabetes mellitus |
16 |
3 (18.8%) |
0.009 |
5 |
1 (20.0%) |
0.13 |
599 |
15 (2.5%) |
| Any mental, emotional, or behavioral disorder |
19 |
13 (68.4%) |
0.10 |
5 |
4 (80.0%) |
0.20 |
645 |
310 (48.1%) |
| Anxiety |
17 |
10 (58.8%) |
0.13 |
5 |
3 (60.0%) |
0.38 |
558 |
214 (38.4%) |
| Depression |
16 |
5 (31.3%) |
0.80 |
5 |
3 (60.0%) |
0.37 |
553 |
204 (36.9%) |
| ADHD |
16 |
2 (12.5%) |
0.19 |
5 |
0 (0.0%) |
>0.99 |
599 |
29 (4.8%) |
|
Chronic conditions**
| ||||||||
| Presence of ≥1 chronic condition |
17 | 12 (70.6%) |
<0.001 |
6 | 5 (83.3%) |
0.006 |
665 | 170 (25.6%) |
| Presence of ≥2 chronic conditions |
3 (17.6%) |
0.03 |
3 (50.0%) |
0.001 |
25 (3.8%) |
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| No. of chronic conditions† (median [IQR]) | 1 (0–1) | <0.001 | 1.5 (1–3) | <0.001 | 0 (0–1) | |||
Abbreviations: ADHD = attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IQR = interquartile range.
* For cases reported by December 10, 2019.
† Includes hospitalized EVALI patients who met the following criteria: 1) an initial hospital discharge date on or before October 31, 2019; 2) no reports of rehospitalization nor death as of December 10, 2019; and 3) available data for at least one variable in all of the following categories: medical history, EVALI symptoms reported, and clinical course of EVALI illness.
§ Comparing EVALI patients who were rehospitalized to those who were not rehospitalized nor died. Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare categorical variables, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare continuous variables.
¶ Comparing EVALI patients who died after discharge to those who were not rehospitalized nor died. Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare categorical variables, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare continuous variables.
** Chronic conditions included here are cardiac disease; asthma; obstructive sleep apnea (OSA); COPD; other respiratory conditions not including asthma, OSA, or COPD; and diabetes mellitus. Examples of “other respiratory conditions” observed among EVALI patients included interstitial lung disease, pulmonary hypertension, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis.