TABLE 2. Clinical characteristics upon first reported clinical encounter of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use–associated lung injury (EVALI) patients, by rehospitalization, death after discharge, and no rehospitalization nor death after discharge — United States, 2019*.
| Characteristic | Rehospitalization (N = 31) |
Death after discharge (N = 7) |
No rehospitalization nor death† (N = 768) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | No. (%) or median (IQR) | P-value§ | No. | No. (%) or median (IQR) | P-value¶ | No. | No. (%) or median (IQR) | |
|
Symptoms at first reported clinical encounter
| ||||||||
| Any respiratory** |
25 |
25 (100%) |
0.62 |
7 |
7 (100%) |
>0.99 |
760 |
726 (95.5%) |
| Any gastrointestinal†† |
24 |
19 (79.2%) |
0.79 |
6 |
4 (66.7%) |
0.31 |
732 |
598 (81.7%) |
| Any constitutional§§ |
25 |
21 (84.0%) |
0.14 |
7 |
5 (71.4%) |
0.10 |
743 |
684 (92.1%) |
| Days between date of symptom onset and first clinical encounter |
23 |
6 (1–15) |
0.35 |
7 |
3 (1–5) |
0.09 |
679 |
5 (3–8) |
|
Location of first reported clinical encounter
| ||||||||
| Hospital¶¶ |
31 | 25 (80.6%) |
0.76 | 7 | 5 (71.4%) |
0.84 | 762 | 554 (72.7%) |
| Emergency department only*** |
3 (9.7%) |
1 (14.3%) |
117 (15.4%) |
|||||
| Outpatient/Urgent care | 3 (9.7%) | 1 (14.3%) | 91 (11.9%) | |||||
Abbreviation: IQR = interquartile range.
* For cases reported by December 10, 2019.
† Includes hospitalized EVALI patients who met the following criteria: 1) an initial hospital discharge date on or before October 31, 2019; 2) no reports of rehospitalization nor death as of December 10, 2019; and 3) available data for at least one variable in all of the following categories: medical history, EVALI symptoms reported, and clinical course of EVALI illness.
§ Comparing EVALI patients who were rehospitalized to those who were not rehospitalized nor died. Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare categorical variables, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare continuous variables.
¶ Comparing EVALI patients who died after discharge to those who were not rehospitalized nor died. Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare categorical variables, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare continuous variables.
** Common examples include: cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, and difficulty breathing.
†† Common examples include: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
§§ Common examples include: fever, chills, malaise, fatigue, headache, and body aches.
¶¶ Includes hospitalizations that occurred directly from the emergency department.
*** Does not include emergency department encounters resulting in hospitalization.