TABLE 3. Clinical course during initial hospitalization of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use–associated lung injury (EVALI) patients, by rehospitalization, death after discharge, and no rehospitalization nor death after discharge — United States, 2019*.
| Characteristic | Rehospitalization (N = 31) |
Death after discharge (N = 7) |
No rehospitalization nor death† (N = 768) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | No. (%) or median (IQR) | P-value§ | No. | No. (%) or median (IQR) | P-value¶ | No. | No. (%) or median (IQR) | |
| Admission to intensive care unit |
19 |
9 (47.4%) |
0.65 |
6 |
6 (100%) |
0.006 |
677 |
284 (41.9%) |
| Respiratory failure necessitating intubation and mechanical ventilation |
11 |
4 (36.4%) |
0.08 |
2 |
2 (100%) |
0.03 |
347 |
54 (15.6%) |
| Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation |
15 |
0 (0.0%) |
>0.99 |
5 |
1 (20.0%) |
0.05 |
459 |
4 (0.9%) |
|
Corticosteroids
|
19 |
17 (89.5%) |
>0.99 |
5 |
5 (100%) |
>0.99 |
629 |
555 (88.2%) |
| Days after initial hospital admission that steroid treatment was initiated |
6 |
1.5 (0–3) |
0.40 |
1 |
9 |
N/A |
200 |
1 (0–3) |
| Duration of steroid treatment (days) |
3 |
20 (5–30) |
0.38 |
1 |
18 |
N/A |
97 |
10 (5–17) |
|
Antibiotics received
|
15 |
15 (100%) |
>0.99 |
4 |
4 (100%) |
>0.99 |
518 |
507 (97.9%) |
|
Imaging
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CT performed
|
16 |
16 (100%) |
0.38 |
6 |
6 (100%) |
>0.99 |
547 |
498 (91.0%) |
| Any infiltrates or opacities on CT |
11 |
11 (100%) |
>0.99 |
2 |
2 (100%) |
>0.99 |
254 |
253 (99.6%) |
| Bilateral findings on CT |
10 |
10 (100%) |
>0.99 |
2 |
2 (100%) |
>0.99 |
254 |
244 (96.1%) |
|
X-ray performed
|
16 |
16 (100%) |
>0.99 |
6 |
6 (100%) |
>0.99 |
538 |
522 (97.0%) |
| Any infiltrates or opacities on x-ray |
7 |
5 (71.4%) |
0.13 |
2 |
2 (100%) |
>0.99 |
249 |
227 (91.2%) |
| Bilateral findings on x-ray |
10 |
6 (60.0%) |
0.23 |
2 |
2 (100%) |
>0.99 |
262 |
206 (78.6%) |
|
CT, x-ray, or both performed
|
17 |
17 (100%) |
>0.99 |
6 |
6 (100%) |
>0.99 |
578 |
578 (100%) |
| Any infiltrates or opacities |
11 |
11 (100%) |
>0.99 |
2 |
2 (100%) |
>0.99 |
307 |
307 (100%) |
| Bilateral findings on CT, x-ray, or both |
11 |
10 (90.9%) |
0.51 |
2 |
2 (100%) |
>0.99 |
308 |
289 (93.8%) |
|
Duration of hospitalization (days)
| ||||||||
| First admission |
31 |
4 (2–8) |
0.11 |
7 |
9 (2–23) |
0.33 |
762 |
5 (3–8) |
| Second admission |
27 |
4 (2–8) |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
|
Days between discharge from first hospitalization and admission for second hospitalization
|
31 |
4 (2–20) |
N/A |
1 |
1 |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
| Days between discharge from first hospitalization and death | N/A | N/A | N/A | 7 | 3 (2–13) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Abbreviations: CT = computed tomography; IQR = interquartile range; N/A = not applicable.
* For cases reported by December 10, 2019.
† Includes hospitalized EVALI patients who met the following criteria: 1) an initial hospital discharge date on or before October 31, 2019; 2) no reports of rehospitalization nor death as of December 10, 2019; and 3) available data for at least one variable in all of the following categories: medical history, EVALI symptoms reported, and clinical course of EVALI illness.
§ Comparing EVALI patients who were rehospitalized to those who were not rehospitalized nor died. Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare categorical variables, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare continuous variables.
¶ Comparing EVALI patients who died after discharge to those who were not rehospitalized nor died. Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare categorical variables, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare continuous variables.