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Active site contacts of pyruvate and NADH (left) and lactate and NAD+ (right) bound to LDH with key residues as determined by X-ray crystallography. The chemical reaction catalyzed by LDH from the pyruvate side involves a concerted hydride transfer from NADH to the carbonyl carbon of pyruvate and a proton transfer from a protonated, conserved His residue to the carbonyl oxygen of pyruvate. The arrows indicate hydride or proton transfer as appropriate.
