Table 1. Baseline participant characteristics.
| <48% PL Use at 1 Month N = 36 | ≥48% PL Use at 1 Month N = 91 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 39.8 (14.8) | 39.0 (12.0) | 0.76 |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.89 | ||
| Male | 25 (69.4) | 58 (63.7) | |
| Female | 10 (27.8) | 30 (33.0) | |
| Transgender M-F | 1 (2.8) | 2 (2.2) | |
| Missing | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) | |
| Race/Ethnicity, n (%) | 0.96 | ||
| White non-Hispanic | 10 (27.8) | 28 (30.8) | |
| Black non-Hispanic | 19 (52.8) | 48 (52.8) | |
| Hispanic | 2 (5.6) | 5 (5.5) | |
| Other | 5 (13.9) | 10 (11.0) | |
| Insurance status, n (%) | 0.87 | ||
| Public | 16 (44.4) | 37 (40.7) | |
| Private | 9 (25.0) | 29 (31.9) | |
| None | 10 (27.8) | 21 (23.1) | |
| Other | 1 (2.8) | 4 (4.4) | |
| Income compared to FPL, n (%) | 0.60 | ||
| <50% FPL | 17 (47.2) | 48 (52.8) | |
| 50–100% FPL | 9 (25.0) | 15 (16.5) | |
| ≥100% FPL | 10 (27.8) | 25 (27.5) | |
| Missing | 0 (0) | 3 (3.3) | |
| Level of Education, n (%) | 0.30 | ||
| Less than high school | 9 (25.0) | 17 (18.7) | |
| High school or equivalent | 18 (50.0) | 35 (38.5) | |
| More than high school | 9 (25.0) | 37 (40.7) | |
| Missing | 0 (0) | 2 (2.2) | |
| Perceived stress, n (%) | 0.78 | ||
| Low | 2 (5.6) | 3 (3.3) | |
| Moderate | 10 (27.8) | 30 (33.0) | |
| High | 24 (66.7) | 56 (61.5) | |
| Missing | 0 (0) | 2 (2.2) | |
| HIV Stigma Scale1, mean (SD) | 105.0 (15.9) | 99.7 (19.5) | 0.15 |
| Missing, n (%) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.7) | |
| Social Support Appraisal Scale2, mean (SD) | 44.4 (14.4) | 43.7 (11.4) | 0.82 |
| Missing, n (%) | 11 (30.6) | 41 (45.1) | |
| HIV care self-efficacy3, mean (SD) | |||
| Starting HIV care self-efficacy | 79.5 (25.0) | 83.8 (16.4) | 0.44 |
| Staying in care self-efficacy | 175.8 (31.1) | 176.9 (24.7) | 0.87 |
| HIV appointment self-efficacy | 143.2 (37.9) | 146.7 (26.8) | 0.68 |
| HIV medication self-efficacy | 155.8 (25.4) | 155.3 (28.4) | 0.93 |
| Missing, n (%) | 11 (30.6) | 39 (42.9) | |
| Recent HIV diagnosis4, n (%) | 0.61 | ||
| Yes | 5 (13.9) | 17 (18.7) | |
| No | 31 (86.1) | 74 (81.3) | |
| Months from HIV diagnosis to enrollment, mean (SD) | 94.5 (95.6) | 87.0 (96.6) | 0.70 |
| HIV viral suppression (<200), n (%) | 0.16 | ||
| Yes | 17 (47.2) | 58 (63.7) | |
| No | 18 (50.0) | 31 (34.1) | |
| Missing | 1 (2.8) | 2 (3.7) | |
| Engaged in care, n (%) | 0.84 | ||
| Yes | 21 (58.3) | 55 (60.4) | |
| No | 15 (41.7) | 36 (39.6) |
Table 1 displays baseline characteristics of the study sample (N = 127) by PL usage. PL use was determined by participant’s average response rate to three daily queries (mood, stress, and medication adherence) in the first month of PL enrollment.
1Scores on the Berger HIV Stigma scale range from 40 (low stigma) to 160 (high stigma)
2Scores on the Social Support Appraisals Scale range from 23 to 92, with a lower score indicative of a greater level of appraised social support
3HIV care self-efficacy scores range from 0 to 100 for starting HIV care and from 0 to 210 for staying in care, appointment self-efficacy, and medication self-efficacy, with higher scores indicative of greater self-efficacy
4Recent HIV diagnosis defined as within 6 months of PL enrollment