Table 3.

Study-reported themes on research participation

Study target population	General themes on research participation	Facilitators to research participation	Barriers to research participation
Findings reported across one or more study populations (African American, Hispanic/Latinx, Asian, Caucasian)	•Familial influence can play a multifaced role •Religiosity and/or spirituality can have multiple effects	Participant characteristics •Altruism [32,39,45,49] •Participants understand the research process, goals [44,50] Research study characteristics •Team establishes rapport and trust [41,45,51] •Study offers financial compensation [52] •Study provides transportation [48] •Research staff sharing same cultural background or language [38,40,41,51] •Team disseminates study results [52]	Participant characteristics •Historical/medical mistrust [32,[38], [39], [40],[42], [43], [44], [45],47,49] •Participants may fear injury or complications [32,46,47] Research study characteristics •Team offers insufficient information about study, procedures, research process [39,42,45,47,51] •Procedures involved may be invasive [32,39,46] •Varied issues described around transportation [32,42,48]
Findings that are specific to one population (African American, Hispanic/Latinx, Asian)	•None reported	Participant characteristics •Participants desire to help family [39,40,43] (reported by studies examining African-American participant views) Research study characteristics •Team offers to meet in a familiar location [45,48] (reported by studies examining African-American participant views)	Participant characteristics •Participants feel research studies are only advantageous to white populations [45] (reported by a study examining African-American participant views) •Participants hold a belief that body should remain whole and/or be respected [38,45] (reported by studies examining Asian participant views) •Participants describe financial barriers [42] (reported by a study examining Hispanic/Latinx participant views) •Participants experience caregiver burden [42] (reported by a study examining Hispanic/Latinx participant views)