Table 3.
. HIV-1 subtype B and C levels of serum amyloid-β isoforms, indexes, and cerebrospinal fluid/serum ratios.
| Biomarker | HIV-B | HIV-C | BxC Diff (95% CI) |
BxC pa |
BxC pb |
BxCtrl Diff (95% CI) |
BxCtrl pc |
BxCtrl Pd |
CxCtrl Diff (95% CI) |
CxCtrl pc |
CxCtrl pd |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serum | 25 | 26 | |||||||||
| Aβ-38, pg/mL | 2.48 (2.48; 24.75) | 4.58 (2.48; 17.69) | −0.01 (−0.59, 0.56) | 0.93 | 0.93 | −0.08 (−0.68, 0.53) | 0.809 | 0.81 | −0.07 (−0.67, 0.53) | 0.83 | 0.92 |
| Aβ-40, pg/mL | 64.30 (43.45; 147.90) | 99.55 (70.95; 133.60) | −0.46 (−1.04, 0.13) | 0.11 | 0.34 | −0.32 (−0.93, 0.29) | 0.307 | 0.41 | 0.03 (−0.57, 0.63) | 0.93 | 0.92 |
| Aβ-42, pg/mL | 3.24 (2.06; 6.83) | 5.67 (3.11; 7.93) | −0.41 (−0.99, 0.17) | 0.19 | 0.34 | −0.93 (−1.54, −0.32) | 0.004 | 0.018 | −0.69 (−1.30, −0.09) | 0.029 | 0.11 |
| Aβ-Total. pg/mL | 78.59 (51.79; 162.30) | 118 (78.66; 147) | −0.37 (−0.95, 0.21) | 0.20 | 0.34 | −0.32 (−0.92, 0.29) | 0.309 | 0.41 | −0.03 (−0.63, 0.57) | 0.92 | 0.92 |
| Indexes in serum | |||||||||||
| Aβ-38/Aβ-40 | 0.114 (0.041; 0.211) | 0.045 (0.031; 0.234) | 0.31 (−0.28, 0.90) | 0.31 | 0.34 | 0.14 (−0.46, 0.75) | 0.646 | 0.77 | −0.10 (−0.70, 0.50) | 0.75 | 0.82 |
| Aβ-38/Aβ-Total | 0.093 (0.037; 0.166) | 0.042 (0.029; 0.184) | 0.31 (−0.28, 0.90) | 0.31 | 0.34 | 0.17 (−0.44, 0.77) | 0.594 | 0.77 | −0.07 (−0.67, 0.53) | 0.82 | 0.82 |
| Aβ40/Aβ-Total | 0.854 (0.784; 0.912) | 0.900 (0,762; 0.923) | −0.29 (−0.89, 0.30) | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.04 (−0.56, 0.65) | 0.890 | 0.89 | 0.30 (−0.30, 0.90) | 0.34 | 0.65 |
| Aβ-42/Aβ-38 | 0.783 (0.206; 1.277) | 0.931 (0.249; 1.951) | −0.09 (−0.63, 0.45) | 0.55 | 0.55 | −0.42 (−1.03, 0.19) | 0.182 | 0.36 | −0.24 (−0.84, 0.36) | 0.43 | 0.65 |
| Aβ-42/Aβ-40 | 0.06 (0.03; 0.08) | 0.06 (0.05; 0.07) | 0.15 (−0.43, 0.72) | 0.60 | 0.75 | −0.57 (−1.17, 0.04) | 0.075 | 0.22 | −0.69 (−1.29, −0.09) | 0.029 | 0.12 |
| Aβ-42/Aβ-Total | 0.05 (0.03; 0.07) | 0.05 (0.04; 0.06) | 0.10 (−0.48, 0.67) | 0.75 | 0.75 | −0.57 (−1.17, 0.04) | 0.074 | 0.22 | −0.65 (−1.25, −0.05) | 0.039 | 0.12 |
| CSF/serum | |||||||||||
| Aβ-38 | 609.1 (70.16; 882.8) | 328.6 (82.36; 918.2) | 0.08 (−0.51, 0.67) | 0.80 | 0.91 | 0.04 (−0.57, 0.65) | 0.897 | 0.90 | −0.05 (−0.65, 0.55) | 0.87 | 0.87 |
| Aβ-40 | 53.99 (29.33; 99.86) | 41.88 (24.33; 55.54) | 0.73 (0.14, 1.32) | 0.020 | 0.099 | 0.25 (−0.36, 0.85) | 0.431 | 0.60 | −0.28 (−0.88, 0.32) | 0.37 | 0.87 |
| Aβ-42 | 110.3 (68.88; 230.4) | 76.46 (43.43; 128.1) | 0.70 (0.11, 1.29) | 0.025 | 0.099 | 0.56 (−0.04, 1.17) | 0.076 | 0.31 | −0.14 (−0.74, 0.46) | 0.65 | 0.87 |
| Aβ-Total | 82.50 (42.61; 125.5) | 57.13(31.17; 82.76) | 0.61 (0.02, 1.20) | 0.050 | 0.13 | 0.24 (−0.37, 0.84) | 0.450 | 0.60 | −0.24 (−0.84, 0.36) | 0.44 | 0.87 |
Values in median (IQR); significant differences are in bold typeface; Diff: Group differences presented as Cohen’s d; CI: confidence interval; B, HIV-B; C, HIV-C; Ctrl, controls; p, p value;
(a)
p values adjusted for plasma VL suppression and CD4 nadir count;
(b)
p values adjusted for plasma VL suppression and CD4 nadir count, corrected for multiple testing with the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) method.
(c)
p values not adjusted;
(d)
p values corrected for multiple testing with the BH method.