Figure 6.
Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) suppressed high‐glucose‐induced reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes through mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). (a,b) Phosphorylation of Raptor and mTOR in cardiomyocytes measured by western blot. (c) Superoxide generation of cardiomyocytes in different groups. (d) Intracellular levels of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) in different groups. (e,f) Cardiomyocytes apoptosis determined by caspase‐3 protein expression. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3–4), *P < 0.05 versus control group; # P < 0.05 versus high glucose (HG) + vehicle group; ## P < 0.01 versus HG + vehicle group; & P < 0.05 versus HG + GLP‐1 group. NS, not significant; GLP‐1 (10−9), GLP‐1 concentration at 10−9 mol/L; GLP‐1 (10−8), GLP‐1 concentration at 10−8 mol/L.