Figure 5. Schistosomal‐EV‐enclosed miRNAs penetrate Th cells.

• A–C
  The trans‐well system was performed as in Fig 1. Schistosome‐exposed Th cells or control Th cells were subjected to qRT–PCR with specific schistosomal‐TaqMan primers to (A) miR‐10‐5p, (B) Bantam, and (C) miR‐125b.
• D–F
  The trans‐well system was performed as in Fig 1. The control wells contained only unused schistosomal medium; supernatant wells contained 0.1 μm of the filtered schistosomal‐growing medium; Th wells contained sorted CD4⁺CD11c⁻ from spleens; Th+APCs contained sorted CD4⁺CD11c⁻ and CD4⁻CD11c⁺ in 5:1 ratio, respectively.

Data information: In (A–E), the expression is presented as arbitrary units calculated as 2^ΔΔCT of miRNA relative to snRNA U6 and in (F) mRNA relative to β2 microglobulin. The mean ± SEM was calculated from at least three independent experiments (except in F of two independent experiments). P‐value was calculated by Wilcoxon signed‐rank t‐test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.