TABLE 2.
Functional and structural brain abnormalities in TSFD
| I. All TSFD Patients vs. Healthy Controls | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Region | Cluster t-Score | Coordinates x y z | Cluster P Value | |
| Resting-state connectivity | R inferior parietal lobule (area PGa/hIP2/hIP3) | 5.3 | 44 −47 55 | 0.0004 |
| Gray matter volume | L inferior parietal lobule (area PGa/hIP3) | 6.4 | −29 −68 50 | 0.001 |
| R precentral gyrus (area 6) | 4.9 | 31 −9 64 | 0.003 | |
| White matter integrity | R white matter underlying precuneus | −4.8 | 8 −62 27 | 0.001 |
| II. Focal Hand Dystonia (WC and MFHD) vs. Laryngeal Dystonia (SD and SLD) | ||||
| Region | Cluster t-Score | Coordinates x y z | Cluster P Value | |
| Resting-state connectivity | R inferior parietal lobule (area PFt) | 6.9 | 63 −28 40 | 0.00003 |
| −5.9 | 44 −35 39 | 0.0001 | ||
| Gray matter volume | R inferior frontal gyrus (area 45)/anterior insula | 6.6 | 41 17 2 | 0.0007 |
| L superior parietal lobule (area 7A/7p) | 5.2 | −14 −71 50 | 0.003 | |
| White matter integrity | L white matter underlying middle temporal gyrus | −5.0 | −53 −33 −18 | 0.0004 |
| III. Musician’s Dystonia (MFHD and SLD) vs. Nonmusician’s Dystonia (WC and SD) | ||||
| Region | Cluster t-Score | Coordinates x y z | Cluster P Value | |
| Resting-state connectivity | R superior parietal lobule (area 5 L) | −7.3 | 19 −55 72 | 0.0002 |
| R supplementary motor area (area 6) | −6.8 | 6 −11 62 | 0.0003 | |
| R primary somatosensory cortex/parietal operculum/inferior parietal lobule (area 2/OP1/PFt/PFop) | −8.2 | 59 −27 19 | 0.0004 | |
| Gray matter volume | R middle frontal gyrus (area 10) | 4.5 | 47 44 −6 | 0.004 |
| White matter integrity | L corticospinal tract | 5.7 | −30 −17 52 | 0.0004 |
| R corticospinal/corticobulbar tract | 4.7 | 41 −5 39 | 0.003 | |
| R superior longitudinal fasciculus | 5.1 | 30 −19 21 | 0.0007 | |
Statistically significant differences (FWE-corrected P ≤ 0.05 with vowel-wise threshold P ≤ 0.001 and cluster-wise threshold P ≤ 0.01) in resting-state functional connectivity, gray matter volume, and white matter fractional anisotropy in (I) the composite TSFD patient group vs. healthy controls; (II) focal laryngeal dystonia (SD and SLD) vs. focal hand dystonia (WC and MFHD), and (III) musician’s dystonia (MFHD and SLD) vs. nonmusician dystonia (SD and WC).