Table 1.

Themes and Subthemes

Themes	Sub-themes
Inadequate intrapartum care and forms	1. Providing inadequate care and overlooking patient-centred care
	2. Forms of Abuse (verbal, psychological, and physical)
Facilitators of D&AC	1. Discriminatory care
	2. Provider perception and victim-blaming childbearing women/
	3. Non-evidenced based practices of preventing adverse outcome
	4. Health systems problems
Everyday occurrences	1. Everyday occurrences