Table 3.
Variable | 2011 | 2013 | 2015 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ME2 | Cont3 | ME2 | Cont3 | ME2 | Cont3 | |
Predisposing variables | −0.0055 | −0.0080 | −0.0031 | |||
Gender | ||||||
Female1 | ||||||
Male | 0.0201** | 0.0010 | 0.0257** | 0.0012 | 0.0061 | 0.0003 |
Age | ||||||
45~591 | ||||||
60~74 | 0.0281** | −0.0035 | 0.0354** | − 0.0048 | 0.0372** | − 0.0047 |
75+ | 0.0507** | − 0.0035 | 0.0666** | − 0.0032 | 0.0671** | −0.0044 |
Education level | ||||||
Illiterate1 | ||||||
Primary school | −0.0108 | 0.0004 | −0.0015 | 0.0000 | 0.0077 | − 0.0002 |
Middle school | −0.0001 | 0.0000 | −0.0177 | − 0.0022 | 0.0190 | 0.0016 |
High school and above | −0.0143 | − 0.0047 | − 0.0100 | −0.0021 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
Marital status | ||||||
Unmarried1 | ||||||
Married | 0.0229** | 0.0019 | 0.0043 | 0.0002 | 0.0019 | 0.0001 |
Employment status | ||||||
Unemployed1 | ||||||
Agricultural work | −0.0287** | 0.0142 | −0.0325** | 0.0077 | −0.0495** | 0.0107 |
Working in units | −0.0448** | − 0.0069 | − 0.0418** | −0.0024 | − 0.0587** | −0.0041 |
Other working | −0.0503** | −0.0044 | − 0.0396** | −0.0024 | − 0.0525** | −0.0024 |
Enabling variables | 0.1719 | 0.1536 | 0.1147 | |||
Health insurance schemes | ||||||
No health insurance1 | ||||||
UEBMI | − 0.1088** | 0.0432 | 0.0923** | 0.0213 | 0.0849** | 0.0164 |
URBMI | 0.0833** | 0.0067 | 0.0005 | 0.0000 | 0.0466 | 0.0009 |
NRCMS | 0.0599** | −0.0359 | 0.0583* | − 0.0200 | 0.0402** | − 0.0121 |
Other health insurance | 0.0992** | 0.0150 | 0.0746* | 0.0064 | 0.0647** | 0.0071 |
Geographic location | ||||||
East1 | ||||||
Central | 0.0212** | −0.0021 | 0.0356** | −0.0016 | 0.0166 | −0.0006 |
West | 0.0463** | − 0.0046 | 0.0604** | 0.0004 | 0.0501** | 0.0005 |
Residency location | ||||||
Rural1 | ||||||
Urban | 0.0111 | 0.0077 | 0.0220* | 0.0072 | 0.0062 | 0.0017 |
PCE | 0.0339** | 0.1419 | 0.0435** | 0.1399 | 0.0320** | 0.1008 |
Need variables | −0.0229 | − 0.0188 | − 0.0189 | |||
Self-assessed health status | ||||||
Unhealthy1 | ||||||
Healthy | −0.0849** | −0.0135 | − 0.1443** | −0.0145 | − 0.1381** | −0.0099 |
Disability | ||||||
No1 | ||||||
Yes | −0.0024 | 0.0005 | 0.0161 | −0.0017 | 0.0123 | −0.0020 |
PADL | ||||||
No1 | ||||||
Yes | 0.0212** | −0.0034 | 0.0106 | −0.0009 | 0.0494** | −0.0043 |
IADL | ||||||
No1 | ||||||
Yes | 0.0323** | −0.0065 | 0.0186 | −0.0017 | 0.0304** | −0.0027 |
Residual variables | 0.0044 | −0.0040 | 0.0052 |
Note: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; 1Reference group; 2Marginal effect; 3Contribution; PCE logarithm value of the per capita household expenditure; PADL Physical Activity of Daily Living; IADL Instrumental Activity of Daily Living; UEBMI Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance; NRCMS New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme; URBMI Urban Residents Basic Medical Insurance