Table 4.
Variable | 2011 | 2013 | 2015 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ME2 | Cont3 | ME2 | Cont3 | ME2 | Cont3 | |
Predisposing variables | −0.0090 | − 0.0148 | − 0.0081 | |||
Gender | ||||||
Female1 | ||||||
Male | 0.0428** | 0.0015 | 0.0581** | 0.0017 | 0.0058 | 0.0002 |
Age | ||||||
45~591 | ||||||
60~74 | 0.0492** | −0.0042 | 0.0536** | −0.0047 | 0.0643** | −0.0053 |
75+ | 0.0916** | −0.0043 | 0.1075** | −0.0034 | 0.1316** | −0.0056 |
Education level | ||||||
Illiterate1 | ||||||
Primary school | −0.0229 | 0.0005 | − 0.0016 | 0.0000 | 0.0039 | −0.0001 |
Middle school | −0.0142 | − 0.0020 | − 0.0470 | − 0.0038 | 0.0280 | 0.0015 |
High school and above | −0.0290 | − 0.0065 | − 0.0914** | − 0.0121 | − 0.0172 | −0.0024 |
Marital status | ||||||
Unmarried1 | ||||||
Married | 0.0338* | 0.0019 | 0.0047 | 0.0002 | 0.0181 | 0.0004 |
Employment status | ||||||
Unemployed1 | ||||||
Agricultural work | −0.0630** | 0.0216 | − 0.0980** | 0.0150 | − 0.1035** | 0.0146 |
Working in units | −0.1070** | − 0.0114 | − 0.1191** | − 0.0044 | − 0.1717** | −0.0078 |
Other working | −0.0999** | −0.0061 | − 0.0849** | − 0.0033 | − 0.1189** | − 0.0036 |
Enabling variables | 0.1954 | 0.1775 | 0.1379 | |||
Health insurance schemes | ||||||
No health insurance1 | ||||||
UEBMI | 0.1202** | 0.0330 | 0.1721** | 0.0256 | 0.1115** | 0.0141 |
URBMI | 0.0902* | 0.0050 | 0.0693 | 0.0016 | 0.0765 | 0.0009 |
NRCMS | 0.0875* | −0.0362 | 0.1433** | −0.0316 | 0.0475 | −0.0093 |
Other health insurance | 0.1204** | 0.0126 | 0.1625** | 0.0090 | 0.1076** | 0.0077 |
Geographic location | ||||||
East1 | ||||||
Central | 0.0465** | −0.0032 | 0.0974** | − 0.0028 | 0.0322 | −0.0007 |
West | 0.0899** | −0.0062 | 0.1370** | 0.0006 | 0.0917** | 0.0006 |
Residency location | ||||||
Rural1 | ||||||
Urban | 0.0064 | 0.0031 | 0.0299 | 0.0063 | 0.0013 | 0.0002 |
PCE | 0.0647** | 0.1873 | 0.0816** | 0.1688 | 0.0605** | 0.1244 |
Need variables | −0.0275 | −0.0206 | − 0.0227 | |||
Self-assessed health status | ||||||
Unhealthy1 | ||||||
Healthy | −0.1537** | −0.0169 | − 0.2319** | − 0.0150 | − 0.2533** | −0.0118 |
Disability | ||||||
No1 | ||||||
Yes | −0.0082 | 0.0011 | 0.0309 | −0.0021 | 0.0253 | −0.0026 |
PADL | ||||||
No1 | ||||||
Yes | 0.0375** | −0.0042 | 0.0339 | −0.0019 | 0.0933** | −0.0054 |
IADL | ||||||
No1 | ||||||
Yes | 0.0534** | −0.0075 | 0.0276 | −0.0016 | 0.0499** | −0.0029 |
Residual variables | 0.0106 | −0.0030 | 0.0113 |
Note: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; 1 Reference group; 2Marginal effect; 3Contribution; PCE logarithm value of the per capita household expenditure; PADL Physical Activity of Daily Living; IADL Instrumental Activity of Daily Living; UEBMI Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance; NRCMS New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme; URBMI Urban Residents Basic Medical Insurance