Table 1.

Participant characteristics (n = 365).

Age (year); M ± SD	62.9 ± 9.6
Gender (male); n (%)	151 (41.4)
Marital status (married); n (%)	271 (74.2)
Educational level (primary or below); n (%)	163 (44.7)
Occupation (full or part time employed); n (%)	116 (31.8)
Duration of having diabetes mellitus (years); M ± SD	5.00 ± 6.47
Enrollment of empowerment sessions; n (%)	210 (57.5)
Risk perception (0–5 MCQ); M ± SD	2.71 ± 0.30
Perceived behavioral control (1–10 scale); M ± SD	7.12 ± 1.69
Health literacy (0–15 MCQ); M ± SD	9.92 ± 4.15
Attitude (1–5 Likert scale); M ± SD	4.03 ± 0.41
Subjective norm (1–5 Likert scale); M ± SD	3.42 ± 0.63
Baseline intention (1–5 Likert scale); M ± SD	3.99 ± 0.33
Follow-up intention (1–5 Likert scale); M ± SD	3.93 ± 0.32

M, mean; MCQ, multiple-choice question; N, frequency; SD, standard deviation.