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. 2020 Jan 6;20:6. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-8028-y

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© The Author(s). 2020

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Results of mediation analysis for PA, CRP and FEV1. A for moderate PA; B for high PA. CRP: C-reactive protein; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 second; PA: physical activity; β: regression coefficient. X: independent variable (cause); Y: dependent variable (outcome); M: mediator. Path a: X is related to M; Path b: M is related to Y after adjusting for X; Path c: X is related to Y; Path c^’: X is related to Y when M is included in the models as a covariate. Models were adjusted for age, sex, education level, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, body mass index, cardiovascular diseases (angina, congestive heart failure and stroke), chronic lung diseases, cancer and dementia.