Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants by leisure-time physical activity levels (n = 6875)
| Characteristics | Low PA | Moderate PA | High PA | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 1952) | (n = 3422) | (n = 1499) | ||
| Age, years, (Mean ± SD), (n = 6875) | 69.18 ± 9.78 | 66.15 ± 8.60 | 63.76 ± 7.84 | <0.001 |
| Sex, males, (%), (n = 6874) | 39.5 | 45.0 | 54.5 | <0.001 |
| Educational level, (%), (n = 6844) | ||||
| Low | 35.3 | 20.2 | 12.9 | <0.001 |
| Intermediate | 35.1 | 36.7 | 32.5 | |
| High | 29.6 | 42.1 | 54.6 | |
| Smoking, (%), (n = 6875) | ||||
| Non-smoking | 84.4 | 88.7 | 93.6 | <0.001 |
| Current smoking | 15.6 | 11.3 | 6.4 | |
| Alcohol intake, (%), (n = 6292) | ||||
| Rarely/Never | 31.9 | 18.6 | 12.1 | <0.001 |
| Weekly/Monthly | 55.2 | 67.0 | 71.0 | |
| Daily | 12.9 | 14.5 | 16.9 | |
| BMI, kg/m2, (Mean ± SD), (n = 6655) | 29.51 ± 5.79 | 27.99 ± 4.86 | 27.04 ± 4.33 | <0.001 |
| CRP, mg/L, (Mean ± SD)a, (n = 5410) | 0.34 ± 0.47 | 0.20 ± 0.45 | 0.07 ± 0.44 | <0.001 |
| CVD, (%), (n = 6875) | 15.6 | 6.6 | 4.2 | <0.001 |
| Lung diseases, (%), (n = 6875) | 9.0 | 3.2 | 2.2 | <0.001 |
| Cancer, (%), (n = 6875) | 5.7 | 5.0 | 4.1 | 0.084 |
| Dementia, (%), (n = 6875) | 1.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | <0.001 |
| FEV1, L, (Mean ± SD), (n = 6875) | 2.09 ± 0.74 | 2.46 ± 0.71 | 2.74 ± 0.74 | <0.001 |
| FVC, L, (Mean ± SD), (n = 6875) | 2.93 ± 0.95 | 3.41 ± 0.93 | 3.75 ± 0.97 | <0.001 |
BMI Body mass index, CRP C-reactive protein, CVD Cardiovascular disease (angina, congestive heart failure and stroke), FEV1 Forced expiratory volume in 1 second, FVC: forced vital capacity, PA Physical activity, SD Standard deviation
aCRP was log-transformed due to its markedly skewed distribution