Table 1.

Risk factors for primary refractory AML.

Age > 60 years

Cytogenetics

Adverse risk karyotype

inv(3)(q21q26)/t(3;3)(q21;q26)

Monosomal karyotype

TP53 mutation

High WBC count at diagnosis

Secondary AML High allelic ratio FLT3-ITD:WT ratio

Blast clearance

Nadir marrow biopsy results

Time to peripheral blast clearance

Poor performance status

Abbreviations: TP53, tumor protein p53; WBC, white blood cell; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; FLT3-ITD, fms-like tyrosine kinase 3-internal tandem duplication; WT, wild-type