Table 2.

Selected salvage chemotherapy regimens

Abbrev.	Regimen	Total no. patients	Overall CR rate	No. pts. with PRD	CR rate for pts with PRD	OS	Early mortality rate/TRM	Ref.
HiDAC	Ara-C 3g/m2 q12h d1–6	81	26/81 (32%)	27	Not reported	Med OS 8 mo	10/81 (12%)	[55]
HAM/ S-HAM	Ara-C 3g/m2 q12h d1–3 MIT 12mg/m2 d2–3 Ara-C 3g/m2 q12h d1,2,8,9 MIT 10mg/m2 d3,4,10,11	150	42/150 (28%)	150	42/150 (28%)	Not reported	3/150 (2.0%)	[58]
GO-A-HAM	GO 2mg/m2 (5mg max) d1 ATRA 45mg/m2 po d4–6 and 15mg/m2 po d7–28 +HAM as above	140	70/140 (50%)	140	70/140 (50%)	Not reported	2 (1.4%)	[58]
MEC	MIT 8mg/m2 d1–5 Etoposide 100mg/m2 d1–5 Ara-C 1g/m2 d1–5	63	16/63 (25%)	17	3/17 (18%)	Med OS 5.4mo Med DFS 9.3mo	7/63 (11%)	[56]
GCLAC	G-CSF 5mcg/kg d0-recovery Clofarabine 25mg/m2 d1–5 Ara-C 2g/m2 d1–5	50	21/46 (46%)	18	12/18 (67%)	Med OS 8.8mo	0/50 (0%)	[57,127]
FA/FLAG	Fludarabine 30mg/m2 d1–5 Ara-C 2g/m2 d1–5 ±G-CSF 400mcg/m2 d0-recovery	FA: 81 FLAG: 20	FA: 22/81 (27%) FLAG: 4/20 (20%)	FA: 20 FLAG: 3	FA: 2/20 (10%) FLAG: 0/3 (0%)	FA: Med OS 3.4mo FLAG: Med OS 3.8mo	FA: 18/81 (22%) FLAG: 4/20 (20%)	[57]
FLAG-Ida	Fludarabine 25mg/m2 d1–5 Ara-C 2g/m2 d1–5 G-CSF d6-recovery	34	15/34 (53.6%)	11	7/11 (62.5%)	Med OS 22wks	6/34 (17.6%)	[128]
CLAG-M	Cladribine 5mg/m2 d1–5 Ara-C 2g/m2 d1–5 G-CSF 300mcg d0–5 MIT 10mg/m2 d1–3	118	66/118 (58%)	75	16/75 (21%)	4y OS 14% 4y DFS 30%	8/118 (7%)	[36]

Abbreviations: CR, complete remission; OS, overall survival; PRD, primary refractory disease; TRM, treatment-related mortality; Ara-C, cytarabine; MIT, mitoxantrone; GO, gemtuzumab ozogamicin; ATRA, all-trans retinoic acid; G-CSF, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor