Table 3.
Comparison of outcomes measure scores before and after the intervention in different groups
| Variables | CAT group, n = 14 | IAT group, n = 17 | Control group, n = 21 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre - Training | Post - Training | Pre - Training | Post - Training | Pre - Intervention | Post - Intervention | |
| Global cognition | ||||||
| MMSE, Sub test: | ||||||
| Orientation | 4.5 (4–6) | 6 (4.3–7) | 5 (4–6) | 5 (3–7) | 7 (4.8–8) | 5 (4–7) |
| Registration | 3 (3–3) | 3 (3–3) | 3 (3–3) | 3 (3–3) | 3 (3–3) | 3 (3–3) |
| Attention and calculation | 1 (0–4) | 1.5 (0–4) | 2 (1–3) | 1 (0–2)* | 2.5 (2–4) | 2 (1–4) |
| Free recall | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) |
| Language | 8 (7–8) | 8 (7–8) | 7.5 (7–8) | 7 (7–8) | 7.5 (7–8) | 7 (7–8) |
| Visual construction | 1 (0.3–1) | 1 (0.3–1) | 1 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–1) | 1 (0–1) |
| MMSE, total score | 18 (16–21) | 20 (18.3–21)a | 18 (17–19) | 17 (15–21)a | 21 (17–23) | 19 (15–22) |
| Neurocognitive domain | ||||||
| Memory: | ||||||
| RAVLT | 22 (13–26) | 21.5 (15.5–25) | 21 (16–25) | 17 (15–24) | 19 (18–24) | 19 (15–20) |
| Working memory: | ||||||
| Forward Digit Span | 5 (3–6) | 5.5 (4–6) | 4 (4–5.3) | 5.5 (4–6) | 5 (4–7) | 5 (4–6) |
| Backward Digit Span | 2 (2–3) | 3 (2.3–3) | 3 (2–3) | 3 (2–3) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–3) |
Median and range are provided unless otherwise indicated. *: intra group difference (p < 0.05). a: between group difference (p < 0.05). Abbreviation: MMSE, score: Mini-Mental State Examine, score 0 to 30 with higher score indicating better global cognition; Orientation, score 0 to 10; Registration, score 0 to 3; Attention and calculation, score 0 to 5; Free recall, score 0 to 3; Language, score 0 to 8; Visual construction, score 0 to 1; RAVLT: Rey Auditory Verbal learning Test, score 0 to 75 with higher score indicating better memory; Digit span (Forward and backward), score 0 to 9 with higher score indicating better working memory direct or indirect