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. 2019 May 28;156(5):852–863. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.04.132

Table 3.

Sleep Quality and the Risk of Exacerbation (Negative Binomial Model)

Baseline Variable Incidence of Symptom-based Exacerbation
 Incidence of Event-based Exacerbation
Univariable
 Multivariable
 Univariable
 Multivariable
RR (95% CI) P Value RR (95% CI) P Value RR (95% CI) P Value RR (95% CI) P Value
All COPD (n = 480)
 Global PSQI score (/2 points) 1.11 (1.02-1.21) .01a 1.12 (1.03-1.22) .007a 1.10 (1.00-1.21) .06 1.10 (1.00-1.21) .048a
 Factor 1: Sleep Efficiency (/1 point) 1.21 (1.02-1.43) .03a 1.23 (1.03-1.46) .02a 1.20 (0.97-1.47) .09 1.20 (0.98-1.47) .07
 Factor 2: Sleep Quality (/1 point) 1.16 (0.92-1.45) .21 1.19 (0.95-1.49) .13 1.15 (0.88-1.51) .30 1.17 (0.89-1.52) .26
 Factor 3: Daily Disturbance (/1 point) 1.55 (1.14-2.11) .005a 1.53 (1.13-2.06) .006a 1.44 (1.00-2.08) .05 1.42 (0.99-2.02) .06
 Poor sleeper, yes vs no 1.36 (1.02-1.81) .04a 1.41 (1.06-1.87) .02a 1.17 (0.82-1.65) .39 1.18 (0.84-1.66) .35
Physician-diagnosed COPD (n = 141)
 Global PSQI score (/2 points) 1.04 (0.92-1.18) .50 1.09 (0.96-1.25) .19 0.99 (0.86-1.14) .88 1.00 (0.86-1.16) .99
 Factor 1: Sleep Efficiency (/1 point) 1.24 (0.98-1.56) .07 1.28 (0.99-1.64) .06 1.19 (0.91-1.56) .19 1.18 (0.88-1.57) .27
 Factor 2: Sleep Quality (/1 point) 0.88 (0.63-1.22) .45 1.07 (0.74-1.54) .73 0.74 (0.50-1.09) .13 0.83 (0.54-1.28) .41
 Factor 3: Daily Disturbance (/1 point) 1.22 (0.75-1.97) .43 1.15 (0.71-1.85) .57 1.02 (0.58-1.77) .96 0.90 (0.52-1.56) .71
 Poor sleeper, yes vs no 0.97 (0.64-1.47) .89 1.11 (0.73-1.69) .62 0.79 (0.49-1.27) .33 0.84 (0.52-1.36) .48
Undiagnosed COPD (n = 339)
 Global PSQI score (/2 points) 1.14 (1.02-1.27) .02a 1.16 (1.04-1.29) .01a 1.17 (1.03-1.33) .02a 1.18 (1.04-1.35) .01a
 Factor 1: Sleep Efficiency (/1 point) 1.14 (0.90-1.44) .29 1.23 (0.97-1.57) .09 1.14 (0.85-1.53) .40 1.21 (0.91-1.63) .19
 Factor 2: Sleep Quality (/1 point) 1.30 (0.97-1.75) .08 1.31 (0.97-1.76) .08 1.51 (1.07-2.14) .02a 1.48 (1.04-2.09) .03a
 Factor 3: Daily Disturbance (/1 point) 1.77 (1.21-2.59) .003a 1.78 (1.21-2.63) .003a 1.86 (1.17-2.94) .008a 1.87 (1.18-2.99) .008a
 Poor sleeper, yes vs no 1.61 (1.10-2.34) .01a 1.73 (1.17-2.55) .006a 1.50 (0.93-2.41) .09 1.63 (1.00-2.65) .050a

Multivariable analyses were adjusted for baseline age, sex, BMI, current smoking, angina, major depression, any inhaled respiratory medications, baseline FEV1 percent predicted, and mMRC. RR = rate ratio. See Table 1 legend for expansion of other abbreviation.

a

Statistically significant at P < .05.