. 2019 May 28;156(5):852–863. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.04.132

Table 4.

Sleep Quality and the Risk of Exacerbation Excluding Individuals With Self-Reported Asthma (Negative Binomial Model)

Baseline Variable	Incidence of Symptom-based Exacerbation				Incidence of Event-based Exacerbation
	Univariable		Multivariable		Univariable		Multivariable
	RR (95% CI)	P Value	RR (95% CI)	P Value	RR (95% CI)	P Value	RR (95% CI)	P Value
Patients with COPD (n = 321)
Global PSQI Score (/2 points)	1.10 (0.97-1.25)	.12	1.16 (1.02-1.31)	.02^a	1.04 (0.88-1.22)	.66	1.10 (0.94-1.28)	.23
Factor 1: Sleep Efficiency (/1 point)	1.06 (0.81-1.38)	.69	1.18 (0.91-1.53)	.21	0.92 (0.64-1.32)	.65	1.08 (0.78-1.50)	.64
Factor 2: Sleep Quality (/1 point)	1.14 (0.82-1.59)	.44	1.24 (0.90-1.72)	.18	1.03 (0.67-1.59)	.90	1.11 (0.74-1.67)	.61
Factor 3: Daily Disturbance (/1 point)	2.10 (1.35-3.27)	.001^a	2.23 (1.46-3.40)	< .001^a	1.76 (1.01-3.07)	.046^a	2.03 (1.19-3.46)	.01^a
Poor sleeper, yes vs no	1.55 (1.03-2.33)	.04^a	1.67 (1.12-2.48)	.01^a	1.18 (0.69-2.02)	.54	1.33 (0.80-2.20)	.27
Physician-diagnosed COPD (n = 72)
Global PSQI Score (/2 points)	0.95 (0.80-1.13)	.55	1.24 (0.96-1.60)	.10	0.78 (0.62-0.99)	.04^a	0.87 (0.61-1.25)	.46
Factor 1: Sleep Efficiency (/1 point)	0.96 (0.65-1.44)	.86	1.42 (0.92-2.18)	.11	0.63 (0.35-1.13)	.12	1.00 (0.53-1.86)	.99
Factor 2: Sleep Quality (/1 point)	0.70 (0.44-1.11)	.13	1.24 (0.63-2.44)	.53	0.45 (0.25-0.84)	.01^a	0.58 (0.23-1.50)	.26
Factor 3: Daily Disturbance (/1 point)	1.64 (0.85-3.16)	.14	1.80 (0.74-4.38)	.20	1.14 (0.49-2.67)	.76	0.90 (0.30-2.70)	.85
Poor sleeper, yes vs no	0.83 (0.46-1.51)	.55	1.88 (0.83-4.25)	.13	0.46 (0.21-0.98)	.04^a	0.78 (0.27-2.23)	.64
Nonphysician-diagnosed COPD (n = 249)
Global PSQI Score (/2 points)	1.20 (1.02-1.42)	.03^a	1.24 (0.96-1.60)	.10	1.27 (1.02-1.58)	.03^a	1.27 (1.03-1.57)	.03^a
Factor 1: Sleep Efficiency (/1 point)	1.12 (0.80-1.58)	.50	1.42 (0.92-2.18)	.11	1.19 (0.76-1.88)	.45	1.19 (0.75-1.89)	.46
Factor 2: Sleep Quality (/1 point)	1.46 (0.94-2.29)	.10	1.24 (0.63-2.44)	.53	1.78 (1.00-3.19)	.051	1.66 (0.95-2.91)	.08
Factor 3: Daily Disturbance (/1 point)	2.40 (1.37-4.22)	.002^a	1.80 (0.74-4.38)	.20	2.39 (1.18-4.84)	.02^a	3.08 (1.52-6.22)	.002^a
Poor sleeper, yes vs no	2.11 (1.25-3.56)	.005^a	1.88 (0.83-4.25)	.13	2.27 (1.12-4.59)	.02^a	1.98 (0.97-4.02)	.06

Multivariable analyses adjusted for baseline age, sex, BMI, current smoking, angina, major depression, any inhaled respiratory medications, baseline FEV₁ percent predicted, and mMRC. See Table 1 and 3 legends for expansion of abbreviations.

Statistically significant at P < .05.